Table of Contents

​

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 13, 2022

Registration No. 333-          

​

​

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-4

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

SECOND SIGHT MEDICAL PRODUCTS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

​

​

Second Sight Medical Products, Inc.

13170 Telfair Ave

Sylmar, California

91342

(818) 833-5000

(Address including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Scott Dunbar

Acting Chief Executive Officer

Second Sight Medical Products, Inc.

13170 Telfair Ave

Sylmar, California 91342

(818) 833-5000

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

​

​

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effectiveness of this registration statement and the satisfaction or waiver of all other conditions under the Merger Agreement described herein.

If the securities being registered on this Form are being offered in connection with the formation of a holding company and there is compliance with General Instruction G, please check the following box. ☐

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

​

​

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

If applicable, place an X in the box to designate the appropriate rule provision relied upon in conducting this transaction:

Exchange Act Rule 13(e)-4(i) (Cross-Border Issuer Tender Offer) ☐

Exchange Act Rule 14d-1(d) (Cross-Border Third-Party Tender Offer) ☐

​

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

​

​

​

Table of Contents

Subject to completion, dated May 13, 2022

PROPOSED MERGER

YOUR VOTE IS VERY IMPORTANT

To the Shareholders of Second Sight Medical Products, Inc.:

Second Sight Medical Products, Inc. (“Second Sight”) and Nano Precision Medical, Inc. (“NPM”) have entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization (the “Merger Agreement”), pursuant to which a wholly-owned subsidiary of Second Sight will merge with and into NPM, with NPM surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Second Sight (the “Merger”). The merger will result in a company focused on the development of innovative drug and device medical implants that treat chronic diseases with high unmet medical need.

At the effective time of the merger, the following securities of each NPM securityholder will be converted into the right to receive, or acquire through replacement options and warrants, a portion of 134,349,464 shares of Second Sight’s common stock (the “Merger Shares”). The NPM stock option holders may exercise their options in accordance with their terms. The NPM warrant holders have the right to exercise their securities at a net exercise per share rate of $21.90 prior to the merger. If the NPM stock options and NPM warrants are not exercised then (i) each NPM stock option that is outstanding will be cancelled and Second Sight will assume and/or issue in exchange a Second Sight replacement stock option, under its effective equity incentive plan(s), and (ii) each NPM warrant will adjust according to its terms to represent the right to acquire Second Sight common stock. To the extent that by their terms NPM warrants do not continue to represent the right to acquire securities of Second Sight on comparable terms to those of NPM warrants, then the parties of the Merger Agreement will negotiate in good faith and use commercially reasonable efforts to mutually agree as promptly as practicable to such amendments to the Merger Agreement as are necessary to reflect an assumption, exchange or similar accommodation for such NPM warrants, provided that such assumption, exchange or similar accommodation shall be reasonably satisfactory to each party to the Merger Agreement. The NPM common stockholders as of immediately prior to the closing, including those that have net exercised their NPM stock options and NPM warrants will receive their Pro Rata Portion (as defined in the Merger Agreement) of the Merger Shares, based on the number of shares of NPM outstanding immediately prior to the closing.

Second Sight’s shareholders will continue to own and hold their existing shares of Second Sight’s common stock, adjusted for the reverse stock split if implemented before the merger .

Immediately after the merger, current shareholders, warrant holders, and option holders of NPM will own, or hold rights to acquire, approximately 77.32% of the common stock of Second Sight, which for these purposes is defined as the outstanding common stock of Second Sight (including the shares of common stock issued in the merger), plus the number of shares of Second Sight common stock issuable on conversion of options and warrants of Second Sight that were in the in-the-money as of the date of the Merger Agreement, plus the number of shares that would issue from a net exercise of all options and warrants of NPM based on a $21.90 NPM share price (the “Base Amount Common Stock of Second Sight”), with Second Sight’s current shareholders, option holders and warrant holders owning, or holding rights to acquire, approximately 22.68% of the Base Amount Common Stock of Second Sight.

Shares of Second Sight’s common stock are currently listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “EYES.” Prior to the consummation of the merger, Second Sight will file an initial listing application with Nasdaq pursuant to Nasdaq’s “reverse merger” rules. After completion of the merger, Second Sight will be renamed to “Vivani Medical, Inc.” and expects to trade on Nasdaq under the symbol “[TBD].” On May 12, 2022, the last trading day before the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, the closing sale price of Second Sight’s common stock on Nasdaq was $1.42 per share.

Second Sight is holding an annual meeting of shareholders in order to obtain the shareholder approvals necessary to complete the merger and related matters. At the Second Sight annual meeting, which will be held virtually at [XX] a.m., Pacific time, on [XX], 2022 at [XX], unless postponed or adjourned to a later date, Second Sight will ask its shareholders, among other things:

​

​

​

Table of Contents

In addition, following the effectiveness of the registration statement on Form S-4 (the “Registration Statement”), of which this proxy statement/prospectus is a part, and pursuant to the conditions of the Merger Agreement, NPM will ask its shareholders to approve by written consent a proposal to adopt and approve the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the merger.

At a meeting of a special committee of the board of directors of Second Sight (the “Special Committee”), established because of the conflict of interests of certain members of the board of directors of Second Sight as more particularly described in Related Party Transactions Of Directors And Executive Officers Of The Combined Company, the Special Committee unanimously adopted resolutions concluding and finding the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement (and SAFE agreement entered as a corollary thereof) to be advisable and fair to, and in the best interests of Second Sight and its shareholders and recommended the full board of directors of Second Sight to authorize the execution of the Merger Agreement and proposing that the transactions contemplated by the Merger be brought to the shareholders of Second Sight for their approval.

After careful consideration, each of Second Sight’s board of directors (following the recommendation of the Special Committee) and NPM’s board of directors has (i) determined that the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement are fair to, advisable, and in the best interests of Second Sight or NPM, as applicable, and their respective shareholders, (ii) approved and declared advisable the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein and (iii) determined to recommend, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, that its shareholders vote to adopt or approve, as applicable, the Merger Agreement and, therefore, approve the transactions contemplated therein. Second Sight’s board of directors recommends that Second Sight’s shareholders vote “FOR” the proposals described in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus.

More information about Second Sight, NPM, and the proposed transaction is contained in this proxy statement/prospectus. Second Sight and NPM urge you to read the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus carefully and in its entirety. IN PARTICULAR, YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE MATTERS DISCUSSED UNDER “RISK FACTORS” BEGINNING ON PAGE 22.

Second Sight and NPM are excited about the opportunities the merger brings to both Second Sight’s and NPM’s shareholders and thank you for your consideration and continued support.

If you have any questions or need assistance voting your shares, please call Second Sight’s proxy solicitor, Morrow Sodali LLC, which we refer to as Morrow, toll-free at (800) 662-5200, or via e-mail EYES@info.morrowsodali.com.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this proxy statement/prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The accompanying proxy statement/prospectus is dated [XX], 2022, and is first being mailed to Second Sight’s shareholders on or about [XX], 2022.

​

​

​

Table of Contents

SECOND SIGHT MEDICAL PRODUCTS, INC.

13170 Telfair Ave

Sylmar, California 91342

(818) 833-5000

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS

TO BE HELD ON

Dear Shareholders of Second Sight:

On behalf of the board of directors of Second Sight Medical Products, Inc., a California corporation (“Second Sight”), we are pleased to deliver this proxy statement/prospectus for the proposed merger between Second Sight and Nano Precision Medical, Inc., a California corporation (“NPM”), pursuant to which NPM Acquisition Corp., a California corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Second Sight (“Merger Sub”), will merge with and into NPM, with NPM surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Second Sight. The annual meeting of shareholders of Second Sight will be held virtually at [XX] on [XX] [XX], 2022 at [XX] a.m., Pacific time unless postponed or adjourned to a later date for the following purposes:

Second Sight’s board of directors has fixed [XX] [XX], 2022, as the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Second Sight annual meeting and any adjournment or postponement thereof. Only holders of record of shares of Second Sight’s common stock at the close of business on the record date are entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Second Sight annual meeting. At the close of business on the record date, Second Sight had [XX] shares of common stock outstanding and entitled to vote.

Your vote is important.

Assuming that a quorum is present at the annual meeting, the affirmative vote of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of Second Sight common stock entitled to vote is required to approve Proposals Nos. 1, 2, and 3. Director nominees in Proposal No. 4 are elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the holders of shares entitled to vote in the election at the annual meeting. The affirmative vote of holders of a majority of the shares represented and voting at the annual meeting (which shares voting affirmatively also constitute at least a majority of the required quorum) is needed to approve Proposals Nos. 5 and 6. For the purpose of Proposal No. 7: (i) if a quorum is present at the annual meeting, the affirmative vote of holders of a majority of the shares represented and voting at the annual meeting (which shares voting affirmatively also constitute at least

​

Table of Contents

a majority of the required quorum) is needed to approve Proposal No. 7 and (ii) if a quorum is not present, at the annual meeting, a majority of the shares present and voting in person or by proxy, even if less than a majority of a quorum, would be sufficient to approve Proposal No. 7.

Each of Proposals Nos. 1, 3, and 5 are conditions to the Merger and the Merger cannot be consummated without the approval of each of Proposals Nos. 1, 3, and 5, subject to the right of NPM to waive the approval of Proposals Nos. 3 and 5 as conditions to the Merger. If Proposal No. 5 is approved by the shareholders, but the Merger is not completed or the shareholders do not approve Proposal Nos. 1 or 3, the Second Sight 2022 Omnibus Plan will, nevertheless, become effective.

By Order of Second Sight’s Board of Directors,

[XX], Secretary

[XX], 2022

SECOND SIGHT’S BOARD OF DIRECTORS, BASED ON THE OPINION OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE, HAS DETERMINED AND BELIEVES THAT EACH OF THE PROPOSALS OUTLINED ABOVE IS ADVISABLE TO, AND IN THE BEST INTERESTS OF, SECOND SIGHT AND ITS SHAREHOLDERS AND HAS APPROVED EACH SUCH PROPOSAL. SECOND SIGHT’S BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT SECOND SIGHT’S SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” EACH SUCH PROPOSAL.

​

​

​

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

i

Table of Contents

ii

Table of Contents

iii

Table of Contents

iv

Table of Contents

​

​

​

v

Table of Contents

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE MERGER

Except where specifically noted, the following information and all other information contained in this proxy statement/prospectus does not give effect to the proposed reverse stock split within a range, as determined by the board of directors of Second Sight Medical Products, Inc. (“Second Sight”), of one new share for every 2 to 5 (or any number in between) shares outstanding, as described in Proposal No. 2 in this proxy statement/prospectus (the “Second Sight Reverse Stock Split”).

The following section provides answers to frequently asked questions about the Second Sight annual meeting and the merger. This section, however, provides only summary information. For a more complete response to these questions and for additional information, please refer to the cross-referenced sections.

1

Table of Contents

2

Table of Contents

In addition to the requirement of obtaining the shareholder approvals described above, each of the other closing conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement must be satisfied or waived. One of these conditions is that Second Sight is required to have net cash of at least $64 million, less the amount of any advance made by Second Sight to NPM for working capital, at the closing of the merger. For example, if the merger is scheduled to close on August 1, 2022 and Second Sight net cash falls below $64 million, NPM could decide not to consummate the transaction and the Merger Agreement could be terminated. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, Second Sight expects its net cash to be above the net cash required by the Merger Agreement at closing. For a more complete description of the closing conditions under the Merger Agreement, we urge you to read the section entitled “The Merger Agreement—Conditions to the Completion of the Merger” in this proxy statement/prospectus.

For a more complete description of what NPM’s shareholders, warrant holders and option holders will receive in the merger, please see the section entitled “The Merger Agreement—Merger Consideration and Exchange Ratio” in this proxy statement/prospectus.

3

Table of Contents

*Audit Committee Financial Expert

​

4

Table of Contents

5

Table of Contents

6

Table of Contents

​

7

Table of Contents

Second Sight shareholders may participate in the Annual Meeting by visiting the following website: [XX]. Second Sight shareholders will need the 16-digit control number. If your nominee did not provide Second Sight shareholders with a 16-digit control number in the voting instructions form, the shareholder may be able to log onto the website of the nominee prior to the start of the annual meeting, which will automatically populate your 16-digit control number in the virtual annual meeting interface. Shareholders who have obtained a 16-digit control number as described above may vote or submit questions while participating in the live webcast of the annual meeting. However, even if you plan to attend the annual meeting virtually, we recommend that you vote your shares in advance, so that your vote will be counted if you later decide not to attend the annual meeting via live webcast.

Please review the information in the section entitled “The Merger—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger” for a more complete description of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the merger to U.S. Holders of NPM common stock. The tax consequences to you of the merger will depend on your particular facts and circumstances. Please consult your tax advisors as to the specific tax consequences to you of the merger.

8

Table of Contents

This solicitation of proxies may be supplemented by solicitation by telephone, electronic communication, or other means by our directors, officers, employees, or agents. No additional compensation will be paid to these individuals for any such services, although Second Sight may reimburse such individuals for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in connection with such solicitation.

Second Sight has engaged Morrow Sodali LLC to assist in the solicitation of proxies and provide related advice and informational support, for a services fee and the reimbursement of customary disbursements, which are not expected to exceed $[XX] in total.

​

​

9

Table of Contents

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights selected information from this proxy statement/prospectus and may not contain all of the information that is important to you. To better understand the merger, the proposals being considered at the Second Sight annual meeting and NPM’s shareholder actions that are the subject of the written consent, you should read this entire proxy statement/prospectus carefully, including the Merger Agreement attached as Annex A, the opinion of ThinkEquity LLC attached as Annex B and the other annexes to which you are referred herein. For more information, please see the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information” in this proxy statement/prospectus.

The Companies

Second Sight Medical Products, Inc.

13170 Telfair Ave

Sylmar, California 91342

Tel: (818) 833-5000

Second Sight has developed, manufactured, and marketed implantable visual prosthetics that are intended to deliver useful artificial vision to blind individuals. A recognized global leader in neuromodulation devices for blindness, Second Sight is committed to developing new technologies to treat the broadest population of sight-impaired individuals.

Nano Precision Medical, Inc.

5858 Horton Street #280

Emeryville, California 94608

Tel: (415) 506-8462

NPM is a near-clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on addressing a leading reason for poor outcomes in chronic diseases and drug non-adherence, with miniaturized long-term subdermal implants that are expected to guarantee adherence for the life of the implant and thereby enable existing drugs to achieve their true potential.

NPM Acquisition Corp.

Merger Sub is a wholly owned subsidiary of Second Sight and was formed solely for the purposes of carrying out the merger.

The Merger (see page 85)

If the merger is completed, Merger Sub will merge with and into NPM, with NPM surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of Second Sight.

At the Effective Time of the merger, current holders of NPM’s common stock and options and warrants to purchase NPM’s common stock are expected to own, or hold rights to acquire, in the aggregate 134,349,464 shares of Second Sight common stock, representing approximately 77.32% of the common stock of Second Sight, which for these purposes is defined as the outstanding common stock of Second Sight (including the shares of common stock issued in the merger), plus the number of shares of Second Sight common stock issuable on conversion of options and warrants of Second Sight that were in-the-money as of the date of the Merger Agreement, plus the number of shares that would issue from a net exercise of all options and warrants of NPM based on a $21.90 NPM share price, also referred to as the “Base Amount Common Stock of Second Sight”, with Second Sight current shareholders, option holders and warrant holders owning, or holding rights to acquire, approximately 22.68% of the Base Amount Common Stock of Second Sight. Each option to purchase shares of NPM’s common stock outstanding and unexercised immediately prior to the effective time, will be cancelled and Second Sight will assume and/or issue in exchange a Second Sight replacement stock option, under its then effective equity incentive plan(s). It is anticipated that outstanding NPM warrants will have been “net” exercised prior to the closing in exchange for shares of NPM common stock in accordance with their terms and will no longer be outstanding and will automatically be cancelled, extinguished, retired, and will cease to exist. In the event that any such NPM warrants are not so exercised, to the extent that by their terms they do not continue to represent the right to acquire securities of Second Sight on comparable terms to those of NPM warrants, then the parties of the Merger Agreement will negotiate in good faith and use commercially reasonable efforts to mutually agree as promptly as practicable to such amendments to the Merger Agreement as are

10

Table of Contents

necessary to reflect an assumption, exchange, or similar accommodation for such NPM warrants, provided that such assumption, exchange, or similar accommodation shall be reasonably satisfactory to each party of the Merger Agreement.

Please see the section entitled “The Merger Agreement” in this proxy statement/prospectus.

The closing of the merger will occur no later than the second business day after the last of the conditions to the merger has been satisfied or waived (other than those conditions that by their nature are to be satisfied at the closing, but subject to the satisfaction or waiver of each such conditions), or at such other time as Second Sight and NPM agree in writing. Second Sight and NPM anticipate that the consummation of the merger will occur in the quarter of the fiscal year. However, because the merger is subject to a number of conditions, neither Second Sight nor NPM can predict exactly when the closing will occur or if it will occur at all. After completion of the merger, Second Sight will be renamed Vivani Medical, Inc.

Reasons for the Merger (see page 91)

Following the merger, the combined organization will be a company focused on developing innovative drug and medical device implants that treat chronic diseases with high unmet medical need. Second Sight and NPM believe that the combined organization will have the following potential advantages:

Cash Resources. Second Sight and NPM believe the combined company’s cash and cash equivalents at the closing of the merger will be sufficient to enable NPM to advance its lead asset NPM-119 (exenatide implant) into clinical development and to fund the combined company into 2024.

Value to Shareholders. Second Sight and NPM believe the proposed merger may enable certain shareholders of Second Sight and NPM to increase the value of their current shareholding.

Each of Sight Sight’s and NPM’s respective board of directors also considered other reasons for the merger, as described herein. For example, the Second Sight Board considered, among other things:

In addition, NPM’s board of directors approved the merger based on a number of factors, including the following:

11

Table of Contents

Opinion of the Second Sight Financial Advisor (see page 93)

ThinkEquity LLC (“ThinkEquity”), the financial advisor of Second Sight, delivered to the Second Sight Board, a written opinion dated April 28, 2022, addressed to the Second Sight Board, to the effect that, as of such date and based on and subject to the various assumptions, factors, qualifications and limitations set forth in the opinion, the consideration paid by Second Sight in connection with the Merger is fair, from a financial point of view, to Second Sight. The full text of this written opinion, which sets forth, among other things, the procedures followed, assumptions made, qualifications, and limitations on the review undertaken and other matters considered by ThinkEquity in preparing its opinion, is attached as Annex B to this proxy statement/prospectus and is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this proxy statement/prospectus. Holders of Second Sight common stock are encouraged to read the opinion carefully in its entirety. The ThinkEquity opinion was prepared for the information of the Second Sight Board for its use in connection with its consideration of the consideration paid by Second Sight in connection with the Merger. Neither ThinkEquity’s written opinion, nor the summary of its opinion and the related analyses set forth in this proxy statement/prospectus are intended to be, and they do not constitute, a recommendation to any stockholder as to how such stockholder should act or vote with respect to any matter relating to the Merger or any other matter.

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger (see page 104)

Subject to the tax opinion representations and assumptions (as defined on page 106), in the opinions of Venable LLP, the merger will qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. Accordingly, a U.S. Holder (as defined on page 106) of NPM common stock will not recognize any gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes on the exchange of shares of NPM common stock for shares of Second Sight common stock in the merger. If any of the tax opinion representations and assumptions is incorrect, incomplete or inaccurate or is violated, the accuracy of the opinions described above may be affected and the tax consequences of the merger could differ from those described in this proxy statement/prospectus.

Please review the information in the section entitled “The Merger—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger” for a more complete description of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the merger to U.S. Holders of NPM common stock. The tax consequences to you of the merger will depend on your particular facts and circumstances. Please consult your tax advisors as to the specific tax consequences to you of the merger.

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Second Sight Reverse Stock Split (see page 144)

A Second Sight U.S. Holder generally should not recognize gain or loss upon the Second Sight Reverse Stock Split, except to the extent a Second Sight U.S. Holder receives cash in lieu of a fractional share of Second Sight common stock. Please review the information in the section entitled “Proposal No. 2: Approval of an Amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation, as Amended, of Second Sight Effecting the Second Sight Reverse Stock Split —Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Second Sight Reverse Stock Split” for a more complete description of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Second Sight Reverse Stock Split to Second Sight U.S. Holders.

The tax consequences to you of the Second Sight Reverse Stock Split will depend on your particular facts and circumstances. Please consult your tax advisors as to the specific tax consequences to you.

Overview of the Merger Agreement; Merger Consideration(see page 114)

At the Effective Time, the following securities of each NPM security holder will be converted into the right to receive the Pro Rata Portion of the Merger Shares:

12

Table of Contents

Immediately after the Merger, current shareholders, warrant holders, and option holders of NPM will own, or hold rights to acquire, approximately 77.32% of the Base Amount Common Stock of Second Sight, with Second Sight’s current shareholders, option holders and warrant holders owning, or holding rights to acquire, approximately 22.68% of the Base Amount Common Stock of Second Sight.

The Merger Agreement does not include a price-based termination right, and there will be no adjustment to the total number of shares of Second Sight’s common stock that NPM’s shareholders will be entitled to receive for changes in the market price of Second Sight’s common stock after the date the Merger Agreement was signed. Accordingly, the market value of the shares of Second Sight’s common stock issued pursuant to the merger will depend on the market value of the shares of Second Sight’s common stock at the time the Merger closes and could vary significantly from the market value on the date of this proxy statement/prospectus.

Treatment of NPM’s Stock Options and Warrants (see page 116)

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time:

Conditions to the Completion of the Merger (see page 116)

To consummate the Merger, Second Sight shareholders must approve: (a) the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger and the issuance of shares of Second Sight common stock in the Merger: (b) an amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended, of Second Sight effecting the Second Sight name change: and (c) the Second Sight 2022 Incentive Aware Plan. Additionally, NPM’s shareholders must adopt the Merger Agreement thereby approving the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement.

Furthermore, Second Sight is required to have available cash of at least $64 million (less the amount of any advance made by Second Sight to NPM for working capital) at the closing of the Merger. Should Second Sight’s available cash fall below this threshold, NPM could decide not to consummate the transaction and the Merger Agreement could be terminated. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, Second Sight expects its available cash to be above the available cash required by the Merger Agreement at closing. In addition to obtaining such shareholder approvals and appropriate regulatory approvals and Second Sight maintaining an adequate available cash balance, each of the other closing conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement must be satisfied or waived.

No Solicitation (see page 121)

Each of Second Sight and NPM agreed that, except as described below, from the date of the Merger Agreement until the earlier of the consummation of the Merger or the termination of the Merger Agreement in accordance with its terms, Second Sight, Merger Sub, and NPM will not, nor will either party authorize any of the directors, officers, employees, or shareholders holding greater than 5%

13

Table of Contents

shareholding interest, affiliates, investment bankers, financial advisors, attorneys, accountants, brokers, finders, or representatives retained by it to, directly, or indirectly:

Termination of the Merger Agreement (see page 132)

Either NPM or Second Sight may terminate the Merger Agreement under certain circumstances, which would prevent the merger from being consummated.

Termination Fee (see page 133)

If the Merger Agreement is terminated under specified circumstances, Second Sight will be required to pay NPM a termination fee of $5 million or Second Sight and Merger Sub will be required to pay NPM liquidated damages of $1 million. If the Merger Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances, NPM will be required to pay Second Sight a termination fee of $5 million.

Lock-up Agreements (see page 135)

As a condition to the closing of the Merger, certain of NPM’s shareholders, directors, and executive officers will enter into lock-up agreements, pursuant to which such parties have agreed not to, except in limited circumstances, sell or transfer, or engage in swap or similar transactions with respect to, any Merger Shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Merger Shares, from the closing of the merger until 180 days from the closing date of the Merger. The lock-up agreements of Aaron Mendelsohn and Dean Baker will each exclude 30,000 shares of NPM common stock (or the equivalent amount of Merger Shares).

NPM’s shareholders who have committed to execute lock-up agreements as of [XX], 2022 owned in the aggregate approximately [XX]% of the outstanding shares of NPM’s common stock on an as if converted into common stock basis.

SAFE Agreement to advance $8 Million (see page 135)

On February 4, 2022, Second Sight and NPM entered into an agreement (“SAFE”) whereby Second Sight would provide to NPM, pending closing of the Merger, an investment advance of $8 million which, effective upon the termination date of the Merger Agreement without completion of the Merger, will result in NPM’s issuing to Second Sight that number of shares of NPM common stock which following that issuance will equal not less than 2.133% of the issued and outstanding shares of NPM common stock assuming exercise or conversion of all outstanding vested and unvested options, warrants, and convertible securities. In the event NPM completes an equity financing at a lower valuation, Second Sight may be eligible to receive additional shares of NPM common stock as set forth in the SAFE. If the Merger is completed, the SAFE will terminate.

14

Table of Contents

Management Following the Merger (see page 213)

Effective as of the closing of the Merger, the combined company’s executive officers are expected to include:

​

​

Interests of Certain Directors, Officers and Affiliates of Second Sight and NPM (see pages 98 and 99)

In considering the recommendation of Second Sight Board with respect to the issuance of Second Sight common stock pursuant to the Merger Agreement and the other matters to be acted upon by Second Sight shareholders at the Second Sight annual meeting, Second Sight shareholders should be aware that certain members of Second Sight Board and executive officers of Second Sight have interests in the Merger that may be different from, or in addition to, interests they have as Second Sight shareholders. For example, three of Second Sight directors, Gregg Williams, Dean Baker, and Aaron Mendelsohn, are also directors of NPM. In addition, Gregg Williams, Dean Baker, and Aaron Mendelsohn have investments and financial interests in NPM. Also, NPM was founded by Adam Mendelsohn, the son of Aaron Mendelsohn. In addition, Gregg Williams, Dean Baker, Aaron Mendelsohn, and Alexandra Larson, four of Second Sight non-employee directors, are expected to continue as directors on Second Sight Board following the Merger. As a result of the aforementioned actual or potential conflicts of interests, a special committee of the Board, consisting of members having no affiliation with NPM, was created for the purpose of evaluating the proposed Merger and determining whether the Merger Agreement and the proposed Merger are in the best interests of Second Sight and its shareholders. The Special Committee consists of Will McGuire, Matthew Pfeffer, and Alexandra Larson.

As of March 31, 2022, Second Sight’s directors and executive officers beneficially owned, in the aggregate approximately 35.3% of the outstanding shares of Second Sight common stock.

As of March 31, 2022, all of NPM’s directors and executive officers, together with their affiliates, owned approximately 73.3% of the outstanding shares of NPM common stock, on an as converted to common stock basis.

Risk Factors (see page 22)

Below is a summary of the principal risk factors related to the Merger, Second Sight, NPM, and the combined company. This summary does not address all of the risks. Additional discussion of the risks summarized herein, and other risks related to the businesses of Second Sight and NPM, can be found below under the heading “Risk Factors” and should be carefully considered, together with other information in this proxy statement/prospectus before deciding how to vote.

Risks Related to the Proposed Merger

15

Table of Contents

Risks Related to the Reverse Stock Split

Risks Related to the Combined Company

Risks Related to Second Sight

16

Table of Contents

Risks Related to NPM

These risks and other risks are discussed in greater detail under the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this proxy statement/prospectus. Second Sight and NPM both encourage you to read and consider all of these risks carefully.

Regulatory Approvals (see page 104)

In the United States, Second Sight must comply with applicable federal and state securities laws and the rules and regulations of Nasdaq in connection with the issuance of shares of Second Sight common stock and the filing of this proxy statement/prospectus with the SEC. As of the date hereof, the registration statement of which this proxy statement/prospectus is a part has not been declared effective by the SEC. Neither NPM nor Second Sight is aware of any filings, approvals, or clearances from any antitrust regulatory authorities in the United States or other countries required to consummate the merger. NPM and Second Sight have agreed to collaborate if such filings, approvals, or clearances are necessary.

Nasdaq Stock Market Listing (see page 107)

Prior to consummation of the Merger, Second Sight intends to file an initial listing application with Nasdaq pursuant to Nasdaq’s “reverse merger” rules. If such application is accepted, Second Sight anticipates that Second Sight common stock will be listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market following the closing of the Merger under the trading symbol “[XX].”

Anticipated Accounting Treatment (see page 108)

The merger will be treated as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Under this method of accounting, Second Sight is expected to be treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes.

17

Table of Contents

Accordingly, the historical financial statements of NPM will represent a continuation of the financial position and results of operations of NPM, with the Merger being treated as the equivalent of NPM issuing stock for the net assets of Second Sight, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets acquired and liabilities assumed of Second Sight by NPM will be recorded at fair market value in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, due to the change in control and operating activity (i.e., Second Sight does not qualify as a “shell” company) of Second Sight.

Operations prior to the Merger will be those of NPM in future reports of the combined company. The acquisition method of accounting is dependent upon certain valuations and other studies that have yet to commence or progress to a stage where there is sufficient information for a definitive measurement. A final determination of these estimated fair values, which cannot be made prior to the completion of the transaction, will be based on the actual net tangible and intangible assets of Second Sight that exist as of the date of completion of the transaction.

Appraisal Rights (see page 108)

Holders of Second Sight common stock are not entitled to appraisal rights in connection with the Merger. NPM’s shareholders are entitled to appraisal rights in connection with the Merger under California law. However, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the absence of dissenting shares, as defined in the Merger Agreement, is a condition to closing, and the Merger will not be consummated in the event any of the NPM shareholders elects to demand the purchase of her shares by NPM for fair market value pursuant to Chapter 13 of the California Corporations Code. Therefore, the availability of appraisal rights for NPM shareholders is subject to an assumption that said merger condition is waived by NPM and Second Sight. For more information about such rights, see Chapter 13 of the California Corporations Code attached hereto as Annex C, and the section entitled “The Merger—Appraisal Rights” in this proxy statement/prospectus.

Comparison of Shareholder Rights (see page 234)

Both Second Sight and NPM are incorporated under the laws of the State of California and, accordingly, the rights of the shareholders of each are currently, and will continue to be, governed by the California Corporations Code and California General Corporate Law. If the Merger is completed, NPM’s shareholders will become shareholders of Second Sight, and their rights will be governed by the California Corporations Code, California General Corporate Law, Second Sight’s amended and restated bylaws and Second Sight’s Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended, as amended by the amendments set forth in Annex D and an amendment to effect the Second Sight Name Change, assuming Proposals Nos. 1, 3 and 5 are approved. The rights of Second Sight shareholders contained in Second Sight Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended, and Second Sight’s amended and restated bylaws differ from the rights of NPM’s shareholders under NPM’s amended and restated articles of incorporation and NPM’s bylaws, as more fully described under the section entitled “Comparison of Rights of Holders of Second Sight Stock and NPM Stock” in this proxy statement/prospectus.

​

​

18

Table of Contents

SUMMARY HISTORICAL AND UNAUDITED PRO FORMA

CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL DATA

The following tables present summary historical financial data for Second Sight and NPM, summary unaudited pro forma condensed financial data for Second Sight and NPM after the transaction, and comparative historical and unaudited pro forma per share data for Second Sight and NPM.

Summary Historical Financial Data of Second Sight

The selected financial data as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 and for the years then ended, have been derived from the Second Sight audited financial statements prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”), which are included in this proxy statement/prospectus. The financial data should be read in conjunction with “Second Sight Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Second Sight’s financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. These historical results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected in any future period.

Operations Data:

​

Balance Sheet Data:

​

​

Summary Historical Financial Data of NPM

The summary financial data as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and for the years then ended, have been derived from NPM’s audited financial statements prepared using GAAP, which are included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. These historical results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected in any future period. The summary financial data should be read in conjunction with NPM’s financial statements and the related notes to those statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus and “NPM Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.

19

Table of Contents

Operations Data:

​

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

​

Summary Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Data of Second Sight and NPM

The following information does not give effect to the proposed Second Sight Reverse Stock Split described in Second Sight’s Proposal No. 2.

The following summary unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data was prepared using the acquisition method of accounting under GAAP. For accounting purposes, NPM is considered to be acquiring Second Sight in the merger. The Second Sight and NPM unaudited pro forma combined balance sheet data assume that the merger took place on December 31, 2021, and combines the Second Sight and NPM historical balance sheets at December 31, 2021. The Second Sight and NPM unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations data assume that the merger took place as of January 1, 2021 and combines the historical results of Second Sight and NPM for the year ended.

The summary unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data are presented for illustrative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the combined financial position or results of operations of future periods or the results that actually would have been realized had the entities been a single entity during these periods. The summary unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021 are derived from the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information and should be read in conjunction with that information. For more information, please see the section entitled “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information” in this proxy statement/prospectus.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information assumes that, at the Effective Time, each share of NPM’s common stock will be converted into the right to receive shares of Second Sight common stock such that, immediately following the Effective Time, Second Sight’s current shareholders, option holders, and warrant holders are expected to own, or hold rights to acquire, approximately 22.68% of the Base Amount Common Stock of Second Sight, and NPM’s current shareholders, option holders and warrant holders are expected to own, or hold rights to acquire, approximately 77.32% of the Base Amount Common Stock of Second Sight.

20

Table of Contents

Operations Data

​

Balance Sheet Data

​

Comparative Historical and Unaudited Pro Forma Per Share Data

The information below reflects the historical net operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2021 and book value per share using shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021 of Second Sight common stock outstanding and the historical net operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2021 and book value per share outstanding as of December 31, 2021 of NPM common stock in comparison with the unaudited pro forma net operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2021 and book value per share outstanding as of December 31, 2021, after giving effect to the proposed merger of Second Sight with NPM on a pro forma basis. The unaudited pro forma net loss from operations and book value per share does not give effect to the Second Sight Reverse Stock Split.

You should read the tables below in conjunction with the audited financial statements of Second Sight and NPM included in this proxy statement/prospectus and the related notes and the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information and notes related to such financial statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.

​

​

​

​

21

Table of Contents

RISK FACTORS

The combined company will be faced with a market environment that cannot be predicted and that involves significant risks, many of which will be beyond its control. You should read and consider the risks associated with each of the businesses of Second Sight and NPM. For Second Sight, these risks can be found in its most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as updated by subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, all of which risk factors are incorporated herein by reference. You should also read and consider the other information in this proxy statement/prospectus and the other documents incorporated by reference into this proxy statement/prospectus. In addition to the other information contained in this proxy statement/prospectus, you should carefully consider the material risks described below before deciding how to vote your shares of stock. Please see the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information” beginning on page 245 of this proxy statement/prospectus.

Risks Related to the Merger

The Pro Rata Portion of the Merger Shares is not adjustable based on the market price of Second Sight common stock, so the Merger consideration at the closing may have a greater or lesser value than at the time the Merger Agreement was signed.

The Merger Agreement has set the exchange ratio formula for the NPM common stock, and the exchange ratio is based on the fully-converted outstanding common stock of NPM and the fully-converted outstanding common stock of Second Sight, after taking into account each company’s outstanding options and warrants, irrespective of the exercise prices of such options and warrants, and Second Sight’s and NPM’s net cash balances, in each case immediately prior to the closing of the merger as described under the heading “The Merger—Merger Consideration.” Any changes in the market price of Second Sight common stock before the completion of the merger will not affect the number of shares of Second Sight common stock issuable to NPM’s shareholders pursuant to the Merger Agreement. Therefore, if before the completion of the merger the market price of Second Sight common stock declines from the market price on the date of the Merger Agreement, then NPM’s shareholders could receive merger consideration with substantially lower value than the value of such Merger consideration on the date of the Merger Agreement. Similarly, if before the completion of the merger the market price of Second Sight common stock increases from the market price of Second Sight common stock on the date of the Merger Agreement, then NPM’s shareholders could receive merger consideration with substantially greater value than the value of such merger consideration on the date of the Merger Agreement. The Merger Agreement does not include a price-based termination right. Because the exchange ratio does not adjust as a result of changes in the market price of Second Sight common stock, for each one percentage point change in the market price of Second Sight common stock, there is a corresponding one percentage point rise or decline, respectively, in the value of the total merger consideration payable to NPM’s shareholders pursuant to the Merger Agreement.

Failure to complete the Merger may result in Second Sight or NPM paying a termination fee or expenses to the other party and could significantly harm the market price of Second Sight common stock and negatively affect the future business and operations of each company.

If the Merger is not completed and the Merger Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances, Second Sight may be required to pay NPM a termination fee of $5,000,000 or $1,000,000. If the Merger is not completed and the Merger Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances, NPM may be required to pay Second Sight a termination fee of $5,000,000. Even if a termination fee is not payable or transaction expenses are not reimbursable in connection with a termination of the Merger Agreement, each of Second Sight and NPM will have incurred significant fees and expenses, such as legal and accounting fees, which must be paid whether or not the Merger is completed. Further, if the Merger is not completed, it could significantly harm the market price of Second Sight common stock.

In addition, if the Merger Agreement is terminated and the Board of Second Sight or NPM determines to seek another business combination, there can be no assurance that either Second Sight or NPM will be able to find a partner and close an alternative transaction on terms that are as favorable or more favorable than the terms set forth in the Merger Agreement.

The Merger may be completed even though certain events occur prior to the closing that materially and adversely affect Second Sight or NPM.

The Merger Agreement provides that either Second Sight or NPM can refuse to complete the Merger if there is a material adverse change affecting the other party between February 4, 2022, the date of the Merger Agreement, and the closing of the Merger.

22

Table of Contents

However, certain types of changes do not permit either party to refuse to complete the Merger, even if such change could be said to have a material adverse effect on Second Sight or NPM, including:

If adverse changes occur and Second Sight and NPM still complete the Merger, the market price of the combined company’s common stock may suffer. This in turn may reduce the value of the Merger to the shareholders of Second Sight, NPM, or both.

Certain of Second Sight’s directors have material interests in NPM. There is no assurance that the efforts of Second Sight Board, and of the special committee of Second Sight Board, to evaluate the fairness and effects of the proposed Merger were sufficient.

Three of Second Sight’s directors, Gregg Williams, Dean Baker, and Aaron Mendelsohn are also directors of NPM, and Gregg Williams and Aaron Mendelsohn have substantial investments and financial interests in NPM. Additionally, NPM was founded by Adam Mendelsohn, the son of Aaron Mendelsohn, a member of the Second Sight Board. As a result, a special committee of the Board, consisting of members having no affiliation with NPM, was created for the purpose of evaluating the proposed Merger and determining whether the Merger Agreement and the proposed Merger are in the best interests of Second Sight. Following multiple consultations with financial and legal advisers, the special committee issued its recommendation for the Board to approve the proposed Merger on the terms of the Merger Agreement and the concurrently entered SAFE agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, there can be no assurance that the efforts of the special committee in connection with the proposed Merger were sufficient, nor can there be an assurance that the special committee was aware of and considered all the relevant facts and circumstances surrounding the proposed Merger. The opinion of the special committee was based on then-available information, as of the date of each such opinion and does not reflect any subsequent events. Therefore, there can be no assurance that the terms of the proposed Merger are fair and in the best interest of Second Sight despite the opinion of the special committee.

The market price of the common stock of the combined company following the Merger may decline as a result of the Merger.

The market price of combined company’s common stock may decline as a result of the Merger for a number of reasons including if:

23

Table of Contents

Second Sight and NPM shareholders may not realize a benefit from the Merger commensurate with the ownership dilution they will experience in connection with the Merger.

If the combined company is unable to realize the strategic and financial benefits currently anticipated from the merger, Second Sight’s and NPM’s shareholders will have experienced substantial dilution of their ownership interests in their respective companies without receiving the expected commensurate benefit, or only receiving part of the commensurate benefit to the extent the combined company is able to realize only part of the expected strategic and financial benefits currently anticipated from the Merger.

During the pendency of the Merger, Second Sight and NPM may not be able to enter into a business combination with another party at a favorable price because of restrictions in the Merger Agreement, which could adversely affect their respective businesses.

Covenants in the Merger Agreement impede the ability of Second Sight and NPM to make acquisitions, subject to certain exceptions relating to fiduciary duties, as set forth in the Merger Agreement, or to complete other transactions that are not in the ordinary course of business pending completion of the Merger. As a result, if the Merger is not completed, the parties may be at a disadvantage to their competitors during such period. In addition, while the Merger Agreement is in effect, each party is generally prohibited from soliciting, initiating, encouraging, or entering certain extraordinary transactions, such as a merger, sale of assets, or other business combination outside the ordinary course of business with any third party, subject to certain exceptions relating to fiduciary duties, as set forth in the Merger Agreement. Any such transactions could be more favorable to such party’s shareholders that the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement.

Certain provisions of the Merger Agreement may discourage third parties from submitting alternative takeover proposals, including proposals that may be superior to the arrangements contemplated by the Merger Agreement.

The terms of the Merger Agreement prohibit each of Second Sight and NPM from soliciting alternative takeover proposals or cooperating with persons making unsolicited takeover proposals, except in limited circumstances when such party’s board of directors determines in good faith that an unsolicited alternative takeover proposal is or is reasonably likely to lead to a superior takeover proposal and that failure to cooperate with the proponent of the proposal would be reasonably likely to be inconsistent with the board of directors’ fiduciary duties.

Because the lack of a public market for NPM common stock makes it difficult to evaluate the value of NPM common stock, the shareholders of NPM may receive shares of Second Sight common stock in the Merger that have a value that is less than, or greater than, the fair market value of NPM common stock.

The outstanding common stock of NPM is privately held and is not traded in any public market. The lack of a public market makes it extremely difficult to determine the fair market value of NPM. Because the percentage of Second Sight common stock to be issued to NPM’s shareholders was determined based on negotiations between the parties, it is possible that the value of Second Sight common stock to be received by NPM’s shareholders will be less than the fair market value of NPM or Second Sight may pay more than the aggregate fair market value for NPM.

If the conditions to the merger are not satisfied or waived, the merger will not occur.

Even if the merger is approved by the shareholders of Second Sight and NPM, other conditions must be satisfied or waived to complete the merger. These conditions are set forth in the Merger Agreement and described in the section entitled “The Merger Agreement—Conditions to the Completion of the Merger” in this proxy statement/prospectus. Second Sight and NPM cannot assure you that all of the conditions will be satisfied or waived. Certain of the closing conditions are incapable of being waived. If the conditions are not satisfied or waived, the merger will not occur or will be delayed, and Second Sight and NPM each may lose some or all of the intended benefits of the merger.

The merger may fail to qualify as a “reorganization” for U.S. federal income tax purposes, resulting in recognition of taxable gain or loss by holders of NPM common stock.

Second Sight and NPM intend for the merger to qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code, as described in the section entitled “The Merger—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger” in this proxy

24

Table of Contents

statement/prospectus. In the event that the merger does not qualify as a “reorganization,” the merger would generally result in taxable gain or loss for each U.S. Holder (as defined hereafter) of NPM common stock, with the amount of such gain or loss determined by the amount that each NPM shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the NPM common stock surrendered is less or more than the fair market value of the Second Sight common stock. Each holder of NPM common stock is urged to consult with his, her, or its own tax advisor with respect to the tax consequences of the merger.

Business development activity involves numerous risks, including the risks that Second Sight may be unable to integrate an acquired business successfully and that Second Sight may assume liabilities that could adversely affect it.

In order to transform its business, pursue strategic opportunities, and enhance shareholder value Second Sight entered into the Merger Agreement. Second Sight cannot be sure the merger will result in a successful acquisition, development or launch of products that will prove to be commercially successful or will improve the long-term viability of Second Sight’s business. Acquisitions or licenses could require Second Sight to raise significant capital and potentially incur significant dilution through the issuance of new shares of common stock. These strategic transactions involve many risks, including, but not limited to, the following:

Business development activities require significant transaction costs, including substantial fees for investment bankers, attorneys, and accountants. Any acquisition could result in Second Sight’s assumption of material unknown and/or unexpected liabilities. Second Sight also cannot provide assurance that it will achieve any cost savings or synergies relating to recent or future acquisitions. Additionally, in any acquisition agreement, the negotiated representations, warranties, and agreements of the selling parties may not entirely protect Second Sight, and liabilities resulting from any breaches could exceed negotiated indemnity limitations. These factors could impair Second Sight’s growth and ability to compete, divert resources from other potentially more profitable areas, or otherwise cause a material adverse effect on its business, financial position, and results of operations.

The financial statements of acquired companies, or those that may be acquired in the future, are prepared by management of such companies, and are not independently verified by Second Sight’s management. In addition, any pro forma financial statements prepared by Second Sight to give effect to such acquisitions may not accurately reflect the results of operations of such companies that would have been achieved had the acquisition of such entities been completed at the beginning of the applicable periods.

If Second Sight does not successfully consummate a strategic transaction, its board of directors may decide to pursue a dissolution and liquidation of Second Sight. In such an event, the amount of cash available for distribution to Second Sight shareholders will depend heavily on the timing of such liquidation as well as the amount of cash that will need to be reserved for commitments and contingent liabilities.

There can be no assurance that the process to identify a strategic transaction will result in a successfully consummated transaction. If no transaction is completed, the Second Sight Board may decide to pursue a dissolution and liquidation of the company. In such an event, the amount of cash available for distribution to Second Sight shareholders will depend heavily on the timing of such decision and, ultimately, such liquidation since the amount of cash available for distribution continues to decrease as Second Sight funds its operations while it evaluates its strategic alternatives. In addition, if the Second Sight board of directors was to approve and recommend, and its shareholders were to approve, a dissolution and liquidation of the company, Second Sight would be required under California corporate law to pay outstanding obligations of the Company. As a result of this requirement, a portion of Second Sight’s assets may need to be reserved pending the resolution of such obligations. In addition, Second Sight may be subject to litigation or other claims related to a dissolution and liquidation of the company. If a dissolution and liquidation were pursued, the

25

Table of Contents

Second Sight board of directors, in consultation with its advisors, would need to evaluate these matters and make a determination about a reasonable amount to reserve. Accordingly, holders of Second Sight common stock could lose all or a significant portion of their investment in the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the company.

The change of name and ticker symbol of Second Sight as a part of the merger may result in detrimental consequences associated with investors and customers’ confusion.

It is expected that Second Sight will change the corporate name and ticker symbol as a result of the merger which would require Second Sight to undergo significant rebranding efforts in the eyes of investors and potential customers. It may experience a loss in goodwill associated with existing brand name, customer confusion, and a loss of business connections and will incur substantial costs in connection with rebranding and protection of its intellectual property.

Risks Related to the Proposed Stock Split

The reverse stock split may not increase the combined company’s stock price over the long-term.

The principal purpose of the reverse stock split is to increase the per-share market price of Second Sight’s common stock above the minimum bid price requirement under the Nasdaq rules so that the listing of Second Sight and the shares of Second Sight common stock being issued in the merger on Nasdaq will be approved. It cannot be assured, however, that the reverse stock split will accomplish this objective for any meaningful period of time. While it is expected that the reduction in the number of outstanding shares of common stock will proportionally increase the market price of Second Sight’s common stock, it cannot be assured that the reverse stock split will increase the market price of its common stock by a multiple of the reverse stock split ratio mutually agreed by Second Sight and NPM, or result in any permanent or sustained increase in the market price of Second Sight’s common stock, which is dependent upon many factors, including Second Sight’s business and financial performance, general market conditions and prospects for future success. Thus, while the stock price of Second Sight might meet the listing requirements for Nasdaq initially, it cannot be assured that it will continue to do so.

The reverse stock split may decrease the liquidity of the combined company’s common stock.

Although the Second Sight board of directors believes that the anticipated increase in the market price of the combined company’s common stock resulting from the proposed reverse stock split could encourage interest in its common stock and possibly promote greater liquidity for its stockholders, such liquidity could also be adversely affected by the reduced number of shares outstanding after the reverse stock split. The reduction in the number of outstanding shares may lead to reduced trading and a smaller number of market makers for the combined company’s common stock. In addition, the reverse stock split may not result in an increase in the combined company’s stock price necessary to satisfy Nasdaq’s initial listing requirements for the combined company.

The reverse stock split may lead to a decrease in the combined company’s overall market capitalization.

Should the market price of the combined company’s common stock decline after the reverse stock split, the percentage decline may be greater, due to the smaller number of shares outstanding, than it would have been prior to the reverse stock split. A reverse stock split is often viewed negatively by the market and, consequently, can lead to a decrease in the combined company’s overall market capitalization. If the per share market price does not increase in proportion to the reverse stock split ratio, then the value of the combined company, as measured by its stock capitalization, will be reduced. In some cases, the per-share stock price of companies that have effected reverse stock splits subsequently declined back to pre-reverse split levels, and accordingly, it cannot be assured that the total market value of the combined company’s common stock will remain the same after the reverse stock split is effected, or that the reverse stock split will not have an adverse effect on the combined company’s stock price due to the reduced number of shares outstanding after the reverse stock split.

Risks Related to Dependence on Second Sight’s Commercial Products

Despite promising results from the Early Feasibility Study for Orion being conducted at UCLA and Baylor School of Medicine, Second Sight currently has no commercial products or product revenue and may never become profitable.

To date, Second Sight has not generated profit from sales of its now discontinued Argus II product and will not generate revenues until it completes the development and attain the marketing approval for Orion. Second Sight has relied principally on financing from the sale of equity securities and the receipt of government and other grants to fund its operations. Second Sight expects that its future

26

Table of Contents

financial results will depend primarily on its success in further developing the Orion, conducting FDA approved clinical trials and obtaining clearance or approval for, launching, selling and supporting its Orion technology. To establish these operations Second Sight will need to expend significant resources on hiring additional personnel, conducting continued scientific and product research and development, engaging in further pre-clinical and clinical investigation, giving expanded attention to intellectual property development and prosecution, seeking domestic and international regulatory approvals, marketing and promotion, capital expenditures, working capital, general and administrative expenses, and fees and expenses associated with its capital raising efforts. Second Sight expects to incur costs and expenses related to consulting costs, laboratory development costs, hiring of scientists, engineers, sales representatives and other operational personnel, and the continued development of relationships with potential partners as it continues to seek regulatory clearance or approval for its products. As a pre-revenue company Second Sight continues to incur significant operating losses, and it expects to continue to incur additional losses for at least the next several years. Second Sight cannot assure you that it will generate revenue or be profitable in the future. Second Sight’s future or updated Orion products may never be cleared or approved or become commercially viable or accepted for use.

Investment in medical device technology entails material uncertainty and is highly speculative. It entails substantial upfront capital expenditures over time and significant risk that any potential product will fail to demonstrate adequate safety, efficacy, clinical utility or acceptance by physicians and blind individuals. Investors should evaluate an investment in Second Sight in light of the uncertainties encountered by developing medical technology companies in a competitive environment. There can be no assurance that its efforts will be successful or that it will ultimately be able to achieve profitability. Even if Second Sight achieves profitability, it may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. Second Sight’s failure to become and remain profitable could adversely affect the market price of its common stock and could significantly impair its ability to raise capital, expand its business or continue to implement its business plan.

Second Sight’s commercial and financial success depends on its products being accepted in the market, and if not achieved, will result in its not being able to generate revenues to support its operations.

Even if Second Sight is able to obtain favorable reimbursement within the markets that it serves, commercial success of its products will depend, among other things, on their acceptance by retinal specialists, ophthalmologists, brain surgeons, general practitioners, low vision therapists and mobility experts, hospital purchasing and controlling departments, patients, and other members of the medical community. The degree of market acceptance of any of Second Sight’s product candidates will depend on factors that include:

The activities of competitive medical device companies, or others, may limit Second Sight’s revenue from the sale of the Orion system.

Second Sight’s commercial opportunities for the Orion system may be reduced if its competitors develop or market products that are more effective, are better tolerated, receive better reimbursement terms, achieve greater acceptance by physicians, have better distribution channels, or are less costly.

Currently, to Second Sight’s knowledge, no other medical devices comparable to the Orion system have been approved by regulatory agencies, in the U.S. or Europe, to restore some functional vision in persons who have become blind due to unpreventable causes. Other visual prosthesis companies such as Pixium are developing retinal implant technologies to partially restore some vision in blind patients mainly from age related macular degeneration. Pixium’s initial RP prosthesis product was withdrawn from the market. A previous competitor, Retina Implant, has withdrawn from the market. Neither Retina Implant nor Pixium has filed for market approval with the FDA. To Second Sight’s knowledge Pixium has obtained an IDE for a feasibility study in the U.S. for its PRIMA product, which is directed toward age related macular degeneration or AMD and is conducting a pivotal trial of PRIMA in several countries in Europe. The Illinois Institute of Technology’s Intracortical Visual Prosthesis group is currently recruiting

27

Table of Contents

participants for a US early feasibility study of a visual cortical prosthesis and has recently implanted one subject. Neuralink has recently demonstrated a cortical implant in animal models. Vision restoration is one of Neuralink’s stated goals. These and other potentially competitive therapies, if or when developed or brought to market, may result in pricing and market access pressure even if the Orion system is otherwise viewed as a preferable therapy.

Many privately and publicly funded universities and other organizations are engaged in research and development of potentially competitive products and therapies, such as stem cell and gene therapies, some of which may target multiple indications of Second Sight’s product candidates. These organizations include pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, public and private universities, hospital centers, government agencies and research organizations. Second Sight’s competitors include large and small medical device and biotechnology companies that may have significant access to capital resources, competitive product pipelines, substantial research and development staff and facilities, and substantial experience in medical device development.

Second Sight may face substantial competition in the future and may not be able to keep pace with the rapid technological changes which may result from others discovering, developing or commercializing products before or more successfully than Second Sight does.

In general, the development and commercialization of new medical devices is highly competitive and is characterized by extensive research and development and rapid technological change. Physicians and persons who may be suitable for the Orion implant likely will consider many factors including product reliability, clinical outcomes, product availability, price, and product and patient support services that Second Sight may be able to provide. Market share as it develops can shift as a result of technological innovation and other business factors. Major shifts in industry market share have occurred in connection with product problems, physician advisories and safety alerts, reflecting the importance of product quality and reliability in the medical device industry, and any quality problems with Second Sight’s processes, goods and services could harm its reputation for producing high-quality products and would erode its competitive advantage, sales and market share. Second Sight’s competitors may develop products or other novel approaches and technologies to deal with treating blindness that are more effective, safer or less costly than any that Second Sight is developing, and if those products gain market acceptance its revenue and financial results could be adversely affected.

If Second Sight fails to develop new products or enhance existing products, its leadership in the markets it serves could erode, and its business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

Despite early positive results in Second Sight’s limited initial trials at UCLA and Baylor School of Medicine, its ongoing development efforts may never demonstrate the feasibility of its Orion technology.

Second Sight’s research and development efforts remain subject to all of the risks associated with the development of new technology. Second Sight’s Orion technology, though based on its FDA approved Argus II retinal prosthesis, is not yet fully developed. Development of the underlying technology, including the further development and refinement of Second Sight’s Orion technology, may be affected by unanticipated technical or other problems, among other development and research issues, and the possible insufficiency of funds needed in order to complete development of these products or devices. Regulatory and clinical hurdles, adverse reactions experienced in trials, or other operational or regulatory challenges also may result in delays and cause Second Sight to incur additional expenses that may increase its need for capital and result in additional losses. For example, three of the six subjects implanted in the Early Feasibility Study have been explanted by the subjects’ request. While all had been implanted at least three years, the explants represent a limit in the long-term data that can be collected in the current study. If Second Sight cannot complete, or if it experiences significant delays in developing its technology, applications or products for use by those patients who can benefit from vision restoration, particularly after incurring significant expenditures, Second Sight’s business may fail, and investors may lose the entirety of their investment.

Since Second Sight has a history of operating losses and has no current revenue producing operations, the future of its business is difficult to evaluate.

To date, Second Sight’s operations on a consolidated basis have consisted of the continued development and clinical studies of its Orion-focused technologies and implementation of the early parts of Second Sight’s business plan. Second Sight has incurred significant operating losses in each year since its inception and it will continue to incur additional losses for the next several years. In addition, its losses may be greater than expected and its operating results may suffer. Second Sight has limited historical financial data upon which it may base its projected revenue and base its planned operating expenses. This operating history makes it difficult to evaluate its technology or prospective operations and business prospects.

28

Table of Contents

Clinical development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome, and results of earlier studies and initial trials may not be predictive of future trial results.

Clinical testing is expensive and can take several or more years to complete, and its outcome is inherently uncertain. Failure or delay can occur at any time during the clinical trial process. Success in nonclinical studies and early feasibility clinical studies does not ensure that expanded clinical trials that will be used to support regulatory submissions will be successful. These setbacks may be caused by, among other things, nonclinical findings made while clinical trials were underway, and safety or efficacy observations made in clinical trials, including previously unreported adverse events. Even if Second Sight’s clinical trials are completed, the results may not be sufficient to obtain regulatory approval or clearance for its product candidates.

Interim “top-line” and preliminary results from Second Sight’s clinical trials that it announces or publishes from time to time may change as more patient data become available and are subject to audit and verification procedures that could result in material changes in the final data.

From time to time, Second Sight may publish interim top-line or preliminary results from its clinical trials. Interim results from clinical trials that it may complete are subject to the risk that one or more of the clinical outcomes may materially change as patient enrollment continues and more patient data become available. Preliminary or top line results also remain subject to audit and verification procedures that may result in the final data being materially different from the preliminary data Second Sight previously published. As a result, interim and preliminary data should be viewed with caution until the final data are available. Differences between preliminary or interim data and final data could significantly harm Second Sight’s business prospects and may cause the trading price of its common stock to fluctuate significantly.

Risks Related to Second Sight’s Common Stock

Second Sight has not been profitable to date and expect its operating losses to continue for the foreseeable future; Second Sight may never be profitable.

Second Sight has incurred operating losses and generated negative cash flows since its inception and have financed its operations principally through equity investments and borrowings. Second Sight’s ability to generate sufficient revenues to fund operations is uncertain. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, Second Sight generated no revenue from operations and incurred a net loss of $14.9 million. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, Second Sight generated no revenue from operations and incurred a net loss of $8.9 million. Second Sight’s total accumulated deficit through December 31, 2021, was $328.6 million.

As a result of Second Sight’s limited commercial operating history, revenue is difficult to forecast. Second Sight expects expenses to increase in the future as it expands its activities in connection with the further development of Orion. Second Sight cannot assure you that it will be profitable in the future. Accordingly, the extent of Second Sight’s future losses and the time required to achieve profitability, if ever, is uncertain. Failure to achieve profitability could materially and adversely affect the value of its common stock and its ability to effect additional financings. The success of the business depends on its ability to increase revenues to offset expenses. If Second Sight does not achieve profitability, or otherwise fall short of projections, its business, financial condition and operating results will be materially adversely affected.

Sales, or the availability for sale, of substantial amounts of Second Sight’s common stock could adversely affect the value of its common stock.

Second Sight cannot predict the effect, if any, that future sales of its common stock, or the availability of its common stock for future sales, will have on the market price of its common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of its common stock in the public market and the availability of shares for future sale could adversely affect the prevailing market price of its common stock. This in turn could impair Second Sight’s future ability to raise capital through an offering of its equity securities.

There may be future sales or other dilution of Second Sight’s equity, which may adversely affect the market price of its common stock.

Second Sight is not restricted from issuing additional shares of common stock. The market price of Second Sight’s common stock could decline as a result of sales of its common stock and warrants or the perception that such sales could occur. Second Sight may issue and sell additional shares of its common stock in private placements or registered offerings in the future. Second Sight also may

29

Table of Contents

conduct additional registered rights offerings in the future pursuant to which it may issue shares of its common stock or other securities.

Risks Relating to Second Sight’s Operations

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an adverse effect on Second Sight’s business and results of operations and is expected to continue to have further adverse effects, which could be material, on its business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, and capital investments.

In December 2019, an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) originated in Wuhan, China and has since spread globally. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. In addition, most states in the U.S., including California, where Second Sight is headquartered, have declared a state of emergency. The pandemic has resulted in government authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place or stay-at-home orders, and business shutdowns.

In accordance with local and state guidelines regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, Second Sight is requiring all of Second Sight’s employees to wear masks in the office and use their best judgement to work remotely or work in the office. While many of Second Sight’s employees are accustomed to working remotely, much of its workforce has not historically been remote. Although Second Sight continues to monitor the situation and may adjust its current policies as more information and public health guidance becomes available, restricting the ability to do business in person may create operational or other challenges, any of which could harm its business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, Second Sight’s clinical trials have been affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. Patient visits in ongoing clinical trials have been delayed, for example, due to prioritization of hospital resources toward the COVID-19 outbreak, travel restrictions imposed by governments, and the inability to access sites for initiation and monitoring. For example, scheduled patient visits to Second Sight’s clinical sites at UCLA and Baylor were temporarily put on hold due to COVID-19. Visits have now resumed at both sites. In addition, the validation study for the revised FLORA assessment was paused due to travel requirements for its completion. Also, some of Second Sight’s suppliers of certain materials used in the development of its product candidates are located in areas impacted by COVID-19 which could limit its ability to obtain sufficient materials for its product candidates. COVID-19 has and will continue to adversely affect global economies and financial markets of many countries, resulting in an economic downturn that could affect demand for Second Sight’s product candidates, if approved, and impact its operating results. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, Second Sight may continue to experience an adverse impact to Second Sight’s business as a result of the continued global economic impact of the pandemic. Second Sight could experience further harm to its business, and it cannot anticipate all of the ways in which health epidemics such as COVID-19 and its variants could adversely impact its business. Although Second Sight is continuing to monitor and assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business, the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 outbreak or a similar health epidemic is highly uncertain and subject to change.

COVID-19 has directly and indirectly adversely affected Second Sight and will likely continue to do so for an uncertain period of time. In March and April 2020 Second Sight laid off the majority of its employees as a result of COVID-19 and an inability to obtain financing. Second Sight retains approximately fifteen of Second Sight’s employees to oversee current operations, including some that were re-hired once its financial situation improved, and the future of Second Sight became clearer. The cumulative effects of COVID-19 and its variants on Second Sight cannot be predicted at this time, but could include, without limitation:

30

Table of Contents

Materials necessary to manufacture Orion may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, which may delay development, manufacturing and commercialization of Second Sight’s products.

Second Sight relies on numerous suppliers to provide materials, components and services necessary to produce the Orion system and next generation product candidates. Certain suppliers are currently sole source because of Second Sight’s low manufacturing volumes and its need for specialty technical or other engineering expertise. Second Sight’s suppliers may be unable or unwilling to deliver these materials and services to it timely as needed or on commercially reasonable terms. Should this occur, Second Sight would seek to qualify alternative suppliers or develop in-house manufacturing capability but may be unable to do so. Substantial design or manufacturing process modifications and regulatory approval might be required to facilitate or qualify an alternate supplier. Even where Second Sight could qualify alternative suppliers the substitution of suppliers may be at a higher cost and cause time delays including delays associated with additional possible FDA review, that could impede the production of the Orion system, reduce gross profit margins and impact its ability to deliver its products as may be timely required to meet demand.

Any failure or delay in completing clinical trials or studies for new product candidates or next generation of Second Sight’s products and the expense of those trials could adversely affect its business.

Preclinical studies and clinical trials required to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of incremental changes, including new wearables and software enhancements and for new product candidates such as Orion are time consuming and expensive. If Second Sight is required to conduct additional clinical trials or other studies with respect to any of Second Sight’s product candidates beyond those that it has contemplated, if it is unable to successfully complete its clinical trials or other studies or if the results of these trials or studies are not positive or are only modestly positive, Second Sight may be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for those product candidates, it may not be able to obtain marketing approval or it may obtain approval for indications that are not as broad as intended. Second Sight’s product development costs also will increase if it experiences delays in testing or approvals.

The completion of clinical trials for Second Sight’s product candidates could be delayed because of its inability to manufacture or obtain from third parties materials sufficient for use in preclinical studies and clinical trials; delays in patient enrollment and variability in the number and types of patients available for clinical trials; difficulty in maintaining contact with patients after treatment, resulting in incomplete data; poor effectiveness of product candidates during clinical trials; unforeseen safety issues or side effects; and governmental or regulatory delays and changes in regulatory requirements and guidelines.

If Second Sight incur significant delays in its clinical trials, its competitors may be able to bring their products to market before Second Sight does which could result in harming Second Sight’s ability to commercialize its products or potential products. If Second Sight experiences any of these occurrences its business will be materially harmed.

Second Sight has lost key management and staff personnel because of Covid-19 pandemic. If it fails to recruit highly skilled personnel to replace employees who have left it, Second Sight’s ability to identify, develop and commercialize new or next generation product candidates will be impaired, could result in loss of markets or market share and could make it less competitive.

Second Sight has laid off the majority of its employees including key members of its executive management team because Covid-19 outbreak affected its ability to fund its operations. its existing employees could leave it with little or no prior notice. The loss of any management executive or any other principal member of its management team or its inability to attract and retain skilled employees could impair its ability to identify, develop and market new products or effectively deal with regulatory and reimbursement matters. Will McGuire, its President and Chief Executive Officer, tendered his resignation effective March 27, 2020 and its Board appointed Matthew Pfeffer, a member of its Board of Directors, as acting chief executive officer, and Edward Sedo, its Controller, as Principal Accounting and Financial Officer. On March 26, 2021 Matthew Pfeffer relinquished his position as acting chief executive officer and the Board appointed Scott Dunbar, its Senior Patent Counsel and Compliance Officer, as acting chief executive officer. To the extent that Second Sight loses experienced personnel, it is critical that it develop other employees, hire new qualified personnel and successfully manage the transfer of critical knowledge. No assurance can be given that it will be able to do so.

31

Table of Contents

Second Sight could be adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws.

The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Second Sight intends to adopt policies for compliance with these anti-bribery laws, which often carry substantial penalties. Second Sight cannot assure you that its internal control policies and procedures always will protect Second Sight from reckless or other inappropriate acts committed by Second Sight’s affiliates, employees or agents. Violations of these laws, or allegations of such violations, could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial position and results of operations and could cause the market value of Second Sight’s common stock to decline.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property and Other Legal Matters

If Second Sight or its licensors are unable to protect its/their intellectual property, then Second Sight’s financial condition, results of operations and the value of Second Sight’s technology and products could be adversely affected.

Patents and other proprietary rights are essential to Second Sight’s business, and its ability to compete effectively with other companies is dependent upon the proprietary nature of its technologies. Second Sight also rely upon trade secrets, know-how, continuing technological innovations and licensing opportunities to develop, maintain and strengthen its competitive position. Second Sight seek to protect these, in part, through confidentiality agreements with certain employees, consultants and other parties. Second Sight’s success will depend in part on the ability of its licensors to obtain, maintain (including making periodic filings and payments) and enforce patent protection for their intellectual property, in particular, those patents to which it has secured exclusive rights. Second Sight’s licensors may not successfully prosecute or continue to prosecute the patent applications which Second Sight has licensed. Even if patents are issued in respect of these patent applications, Second Sight or its licensors may fail to maintain these patents, may determine not to pursue litigation against entities that are infringing upon these patents, or may pursue such enforcement less aggressively than it ordinarily would. Without adequate protection for the intellectual property that Second Sight owns or licenses, other companies might be able to offer substantially identical products for sale, which could unfavorably affect Second Sight’s competitive business position and harm its business prospects. Two patents licensed from the John Hopkins University (the JHU Patents) expired in 2018, along with Second Sight’s License Agreement with the Johns Hopkins University. The expiration of the JHU Patents removes a barrier to entry for competitors who may be interested in selling a product competitive with Argus II. The JHU Patents are specific to retinal stimulation and have no effect on Orion technology.

Even if issued, patents may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, which could limit Second Sight’s ability to stop competitors from marketing similar products or limit the length of term of patent protection that Second Sight may have for its products.

Litigation or third-party claims of intellectual property infringement or challenges to the validity of Second Sight’s patents would require it to use resources to protect its technology and may prevent or delay the development, regulatory approval or commercialization Orion system or new product candidates. Further, the validity of some of its patents has been challenged.

Pixium has three currently pending oppositions in the European Patent Office (EPO) challenging the validity of European patents owned by Second Sight. The EPO proceedings involving Pixium and Second Sight are:

If Second Sight is the target of claims by third parties asserting that its products or intellectual property infringe upon the rights of others it may be forced to incur substantial expenses or divert substantial employee resources from its business and, if successful, those claims could result in Second Sight’s having to pay substantial damages or prevent it from developing one or more product candidates. Further, if a patent infringement suit were brought against Second Sight or its collaborators, it or they could be forced to stop or delay research, development, manufacturing or sales of the product or product candidate that is the subject of the suit.

32

Table of Contents

The validity of some of Second Sight’s patents has been challenged. If Second Sight experiences patent infringement claims, or if it elects to avoid potential claims others may be able to assert, Second Sight or its collaborators may choose to seek, or be required to seek, a license from the third-party and would most likely be required to pay license fees or royalties or both. These licenses may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Even if Second Sight or its collaborators were able to obtain a license, the rights may be nonexclusive, which would give Second Sight’s competitors access to the same intellectual property. Ultimately, Second Sight could be prevented from commercializing a product, or be forced to cease some aspect of its business operations if, as a result of actual or threatened patent infringement claims, Second Sight or its collaborators are unable to enter into licenses on acceptable terms. This could harm Second Sight’s business significantly. The cost to Second Sight of any litigation or other proceeding, regardless of its merit, even if resolved in its favor, could be substantial. Some of Second Sight’s competitors may be able to bear the costs of such litigation or proceedings more effectively than Second Sight can because of their having greater financial resources. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of patent litigation or other proceedings could have a material adverse effect on Second Sight’s ability to compete in the marketplace. Intellectual property litigation and other proceedings may, regardless of their merit, also absorb significant management time and employee resources.

If Second Sight fails to comply with its obligations in the agreements under which it licenses development or commercialization rights to products or technology from third parties, it could lose license rights that are important to its business.

Second Sight holds an exclusive license from the Doheny Eye Institute (DEI) to intellectual property relating to the Argus II visual prosthesis and Orion cortical visual prosthesis. This license imposes various commercialization, milestone payment, profit sharing, insurance and other obligations on Second Sight. If Second Sight fails to comply with any material obligations, DEI will have the right to terminate the license, which covers part of the Argus and Orion systems. The existing or future patents to which Second Sight has rights based on its agreements with DEI may be too narrow to prevent third parties from developing or designing around these patents. Additionally, Second Sight may lose its exclusive rights to the patents and patent applications it licenses in the event of a breach or termination of the license agreement. The license expires with the expiration of the last of the licensed patents on August 8, 2033. The royalty in the agreement is 0.5% of the patented portion of Argus II system sales. All of the patents in the DEI agreement are co-owned by Second Sight and DEI. Second Sight licenses DEI’s interest in the patents to maintain its exclusive use on that intellectual property. Should the license terminate, Second Sight retains the right to utilize the intellectual property but may not be able to prevent others from doing so, in which case Second Sight may lose a competitive advantage.

If Second Sight is unable to protect the intellectual property used in its products, others may be able to copy its innovations which may impair its ability to compete effectively in Second Sight’s markets.

The strength of Second Sight’s patents involves complex legal and scientific questions and can be uncertain. Second Sight has over 300 issued patents and over 15 pending patent applications worldwide as of December 31, 2021. Second Sight’s patent applications may be challenged or fail to result in issued patents and its existing or future patents may be too narrow to prevent third parties from developing or designing around its intellectual property and in that event, it may lose competitive advantage and its business may suffer.

Further, the patent applications that Second Sight licenses or has filed may fail to result in issued patents. The claims may need to be amended. Even after amendment, a patent may not issue and in that event, it may not obtain the exclusive use of the intellectual property that it seeks and may lose competitive advantage which could result in harm to Second Sight’s business.

Third-party claims of intellectual property infringement may prevent or delay Second Sight’s development and commercialization activities for Orion.

Although Second Sight is not currently aware of any litigation or other proceedings or third-party claims of intellectual property infringement related to the Argus II or Orion systems, the medical device industry is characterized by many litigation cases regarding patents and other intellectual property rights. Other parties may in the future allege that Second Sight’s activities infringe their patents or that Second Sight is employing their proprietary technology without authorization. Second Sight may not have identified all the patents, patent applications or published literature that affect Second Sight’s business either by blocking its ability to commercialize its product, by preventing the patentability of one or more aspects of its products or those of its licensors or by covering the same or similar technologies that may affect its ability to market its product.

In addition, even in the absence of litigation, Second Sight may need to obtain licenses from third parties to advance Second Sight’s research or allow commercialization of its product candidates, and it has done so from time to time. Second Sight may fail to

33

Table of Contents

obtain future licenses at a reasonable cost or on reasonable terms, if at all. In that event, Second Sight may be unable to further develop and commercialize one or more of its product candidates, which could harm its business significantly.

Second Sight may become involved in future lawsuits to protect or enforce its patents or the patents of its licensors, which could be expensive, time consuming and unsuccessful.

Competitors may infringe Second Sight’s patents or the patents of its licensors. To counter infringement or unauthorized use, Second Sight may file infringement claims, which can be expensive and time consuming. In addition, in an infringement proceeding, a court may decide that a patent of ours or of Second Sight’s licensors is not valid or is unenforceable or may refuse to stop the other party from using the technology at issue on the grounds that Second Sight’s patents do not cover the technology in question. An adverse result in any litigation or defense proceedings could put one or more of Second Sight’s patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and could put Second Sight’s patent applications at risk of not issuing.

The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office may initiate interference proceedings to determine the priority of inventions described in or otherwise affecting Second Sight’s patents and patent applications or those of Second Sight’s collaborators or licensors. An unfavorable outcome could require Second Sight to cease using the technology or to attempt to license rights to it from the prevailing party. Second Sight’s business could be harmed if a prevailing party does not offer it a license on terms that are acceptable to Second Sight. Litigation or interference proceedings may fail and, even if successful, may result in substantial costs and distraction of Second Sight’s management and other employees. Second Sight may not be able to prevent, alone or with Second Sight’s licensors, misappropriation of Second Sight’s proprietary rights, particularly in countries where the laws may not protect those rights as fully as in the U.S.

Second Sight is increasingly dependent on sophisticated information technology systems, including systems from third parties, and if it fails to properly maintain the integrity of Second Sight’s data or if Second Sight’s products do not operate as intended, Second Sight’s business could be materially and adversely affected.

Second Sight is increasingly dependent on sophisticated information technology systems for Second Sight’s products and infrastructure, and it relies on these information technology systems, including technology from third-party vendors, to process, transmit and store electronic information in Second Sight’s day-to-day operations. Second Sight continuously monitor, upgrade and expand the systems it operates to improve information systems capabilities. Second Sight’s information systems require an ongoing commitment of significant resources to maintain, protect, and enhance existing systems and develop or contract new systems to keep pace with continuing changes in information processing technology, evolving systems and regulatory standards, and the increasing need to protect patient and customer information. In addition, third parties may attempt to hack into Second Sight’s products or systems and may obtain data relating to patients with Second Sight’s products or proprietary information. If Second Sight fails to maintain or protect Second Sight’s information systems and data integrity with cyber security effectively, it could lose existing customers, have difficulty attracting new customers, have problems in determining product cost estimates and establishing appropriate pricing, have difficulty preventing, detecting, and controlling fraud, have disputes with customers, physicians, and other health care professionals, have regulatory sanctions, fines, or penalties imposed, have increases in operating expenses, incur expenses or lose revenue as a result of a data privacy breach, or suffer other adverse consequences. There can be no assurance that Second Sight’s process of upgrading and expanding Second Sight’s information systems capabilities, protecting and enhancing Second Sight’s systems including cyber security methods, and developing new systems to keep pace with continuing changes in information processing technology will be successful or that additional systems issues will not arise in the future. Second Sight’s products contain hardware and software protections which are intended to prevent unauthorized access or control of Second Sight’s implanted device. However, if an unauthorized user is able to breach Second Sight’s controls and gain access to one of Second Sight’s devices implanted in a patient, serious harm, injury and/or death may result. Any significant breakdown, intrusion, interruption, corruption, or destruction of these systems, as well as any data breaches, could have a material adverse effect on Second Sight’s business.

Product liability lawsuits could divert Second Sight’s resources, result in substantial liabilities and reduce the commercial potential of Second Sight’s products.

Second Sight face a risk of product liability claims arising from the prosthesis being implanted, and it is possible that it may be held liable for injuries of patients who receive Second Sight’s product. These lawsuits may divert Second Sight’s management from pursuing Second Sight’s business strategy and may be costly to defend. In addition, if Second Sight is held liable in any of these lawsuits, it may incur substantial liabilities and may be forced to limit or forego further commercialization of one or more of Second Sight’s products. Second Sight maintains product liability insurance relating to Second Sight’s clinical trials and commercial sales, with an aggregate coverage limit under these insurance policies of $10 million, and while it believes this amount of insurance

34

Table of Contents

currently is sufficient to cover Second Sight’s product liability exposure, these limits may not prove adequate to fully cover potential liabilities. In addition, Second Sight may not be able to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or otherwise to protect against potential product liability claims, which could prevent or inhibit the commercial production and sale of Second Sight’s products. If the use of Second Sight’s products harm or are alleged to harm people, it may be subject to costly and damaging product liability claims that exceed Second Sight’s policy limits and cause Second Sight significant losses that could seriously harm Second Sight’s financial condition or reputation.

Legislative or regulatory reform of the health care system in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions may adversely impact Second Sight’s business, operations or financial results.

Second Sight’s industry is highly regulated and changes in law may adversely impact Second Sight’s business, operations or financial results. In March 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and a related reconciliation bill were signed into law. This legislation changes the current system of healthcare insurance and benefits intended to broaden coverage and control costs. The law also contains provisions that will affect companies in the medical device industry and other healthcare related industries by imposing additional costs and changes to business practices.

Moreover, in some foreign countries, including countries in Europe and Canada, the pricing of approved medical devices is subject to governmental control. In these countries, pricing negotiations with governmental authorities can take 12 months or longer after the receipt of regulatory approval and product launch. To obtain reimbursement or pricing approval in some countries, Second Sight may be required to conduct a clinical trial that compares the cost-effectiveness of Second Sight’s product candidate to other available therapies. Second Sight’s business could be materially harmed if reimbursement of Second Sight’s products is unavailable or limited in scope or amount or if pricing is set at unsatisfactory levels.

Second Sight cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal and state legislative and regulatory developments appear likely, and it expects ongoing initiatives in the U.S. and Europe. These reforms could have an adverse effect on Second Sight’s ability to obtain timely regulatory approval for new products and on anticipated revenues from product candidates, both of which may affect Second Sight’s overall financial condition.

Second Sight is a “non-accelerated filer” and a “smaller reporting company” for SEC filing purposes and it cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable will make Second Sight’s common stock less attractive to investors.

For so long as Second Sight remains a ‘non-accelerated filer” it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various requirements that are applicable to public companies that are not ‘non-accelerated filers,” including not being required to comply with the independent auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in Second Sight’s periodic reports and proxy statements and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Investors may find Second Sight’s common stock less attractive because Second Sight relies on these exemptions. If some investors find Second Sight’s common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for Second Sight’s common stock, and Second Sight’s stock price may be more volatile or may decline.

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that a ”smaller reporting company” can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. However, Second Sight chose to “opt out” of this extended transition period, and as a result, it intends to comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates that adoption of those standards may be required. Second Sight’s decision to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable.

Risks Relating to Second Sight’s Financial Results and Need for Financing

Fluctuations in Second Sight’s quarterly operating results and cash flows could adversely affect the price of Second Sight’s common stock.

Second Sight’s operating results will be affected by numerous factors such as:

35

Table of Contents

If Second Sight’s quarterly operating results fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, or if it experiences delays in reaching commercialization of the Orion system the price of Second Sight’s common stock could decline substantially. Any quarterly fluctuations in Second Sight’s operating results and cash flows may cause the price of Second Sight’s stock to fluctuate substantially. Second Sight believes that, in the near term, quarterly comparisons of Second Sight’s financial results are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of Second Sight’s future performance.

Second Sight needs additional capital to support Second Sight’s operations and growth. Additional capital may be difficult to obtain restricting Second Sight’s operations and resulting in additional dilution to Second Sight’s stockholders.

Second Sight’s business requires additional capital for implementation of Second Sight’s long term business plan. Second Sight currently estimate that Second Sight’s existing cash and cash equivalents can sustain Second Sight’s operations for at least 24 months. The actual amount of funds that Second Sight will need for Second Sight’s business will be determined by many factors, some of which are beyond Second Sight’s control, and Second Sight may need funds sooner than currently anticipated. These factors include:

36

Table of Contents

In a rights offering completed on February 22, 2019 Second Sight sold approximately 5,976,000 units, each priced at $5.792 for net cash proceeds of approximately $34.4 million. Each unit consisted of one share and one immediately exercisable warrant having an exercise price of $11.76 per share. Entities controlled by Gregg Williams, Second Sight’s Chairman of the Board of Directors, acquired approximately 5,180,000 units in the offering for an aggregate investment of approximately $30 million.

In May 2020, March 2021 and June 2021 Second Sight sold 7.5 million shares, 4.65 million shares and 11.5 million shares for net proceeds of $6.7 million, $24.5 million and $53.3 million, respectively. On December 8, 2020 Second Sight borrowed $1 million from Gregg Williams, Chairman of the Board of Directors and $1.2 million from two unaffiliated shareholders. These loan obligations were unsecured, bore interest at 12% per year and were repaid during 2021.

As Second Sight requires additional funds, it may seek to fund Second Sight’s operations through the sale of additional equity securities, debt financing and strategic collaboration agreements. Second Sight cannot be sure that additional financing from any of these sources will be available when needed or that, if available, the additional financing will be obtained on terms favorable to it or Second Sight’s stockholders. If Second Sight raises additional funds by selling shares of Second Sight’s capital stock, the ownership interest of Second Sight’s current stockholders will be diluted. If Second Sight is unable to obtain additional funds on a timely basis or on terms favorable to Second Sight, it may be required to cease or reduce certain research and development projects, to sell some or all of Second Sight’s technology or assets or business units or to merge all or a portion of Second Sight’s business with another entity.

Second Sight’s ability to utilize and benefit from Second Sight’s net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.

As of December 31, 2021, Second Sight had federal and state of California income tax net operating loss carryforwards, which may be applied to future taxable income, of approximately $124.3 million and $76.8 million, respectively. To the extent that Second Sight continues to generate taxable losses, unused losses will carry forward to offset future taxable income, if any, until these unused losses expire. However, Second Sight may be unable to use these losses to offset taxable income before Second Sight’s unused losses expire at various dates that range from 2035 through 2037 for federal net operating losses generated before 2018. Federal net operating losses generated for year 2018 and forward do not expire. State net operating losses expire from 2033 through 2041. Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” generally defined as a greater than 50 percentage point change (by value) in its equity ownership over a three-year period, the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change net operating loss, or NOL, carryforwards to offset its post-change taxable income may be limited. Limitations may also apply to the utilization of other pre-change tax attributes as a result of an ownership change.

Risks Related to Second Sight’s Business and Industry

Second Sight has incurred operating losses since inception and may continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future.

Second Sight has had a history of operating losses and it expects that operating losses will continue into the near term. Although Second Sight has had sales of the Argus II product, these limited sales were insufficient to cover Second Sight’s operating expenses. Given the limited addressable market of Argus II, Second Sight no longer market the Argus II and have focused all of Second Sight’s resources on the development of Orion. Second Sight’s ability to generate positive cash flow will hinge on Second Sight’s ability to develop the Orion visual prosthesis, correctly price Second Sight’s product to Second Sight’s markets, and obtain government and private insurance reimbursement. As of December 31, 2021, Second Sight had stockholders’ equity of $68.4 million and an accumulated deficit of $328.6 million. Second Sight cannot assure you that it will be profitable even if it successfully commercializes Second Sight’s products. Failure to become and remain profitable may adversely affect the market price of Second Sight’s common stock and Second Sight’s ability to raise capital and continue operations.

Second Sight’s business is subject to international economic, political and other risks that could negatively affect Second Sight’s results of operations or financial position.

Second Sight anticipates that revenue from Europe and other countries outside the U.S. may be material to Second Sight’s future long-term success. Accordingly, Second Sight’s operations are subject to risks associated with doing business internationally, including:

37

Table of Contents

The realization of any of these or other risks associated with operating in Europe or other non-U.S. countries could have a material adverse effect on Second Sight’s business, results of operations or financial condition.

Second Sight is subject to stringent domestic and foreign medical device regulation and any unfavorable regulatory action may materially and adversely affect Second Sight’s financial condition and business operations.

Second Sight’s products, development activities and manufacturing processes are subject to extensive and rigorous regulation by numerous government agencies, including the FDA and comparable foreign agencies. To varying degrees, each of these agencies monitors and enforces Second Sight’s compliance with laws and regulations governing the development, testing, manufacturing, labeling, marketing, distribution, and the safety and effectiveness of Second Sight’s medical devices. The process of obtaining marketing approval or clearance from the FDA and comparable foreign bodies for new products, or for enhancements, expansion of the indications or modifications to existing products, could:

Any of these occurrences that Second Sight might experience will cause Second Sight’s operations to suffer, harm Second Sight’s competitive standing and result in further losses that adversely affect Second Sight’s financial condition.

Second Sight has ongoing responsibilities under FDA and international regulations, both before and after a product is commercially released. For example, Second Sight is required to comply with the FDA’s Quality System Regulation (QSR), which mandates that manufacturers of medical devices adhere to certain quality assurance requirements pertaining, among other things, to

38

Table of Contents

validation of manufacturing processes, controls for purchasing product components, and documentation practices. As another example, the Medical Device Reporting regulation requires Second Sight to provide information to the FDA whenever there is evidence that reasonably suggests that a device may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury, or that a malfunction occurred which would be likely to cause or contribute to a death or serious injury upon recurrence. Compliance with applicable regulatory requirements is subject to continual review and is monitored rigorously through periodic inspections by the FDA. If the FDA were to conclude that Second Sight is not in compliance with applicable laws or regulations, or that any of Second Sight’s medical devices are ineffective or pose an unreasonable health risk, the FDA could ban such medical devices, detain or seize such medical devices, order a recall, repair, replacement, or refund of such devices, or require Second Sight to notify health professionals and others that the devices present unreasonable risks of substantial harm to the public health. The FDA has been increasing its scrutiny of the medical device industry and the government is expected to continue to scrutinize the industry closely with inspections and possibly enforcement actions by the FDA or other agencies. Additionally, the FDA may restrict manufacturing and impose other operating restrictions, enjoin and restrain certain violations of applicable law pertaining to medical devices and assess civil or criminal penalties against Second Sight’s officers, employees, or Second Sight. Any adverse regulatory action, depending on its magnitude, may restrict Second Sight from effectively manufacturing, marketing and selling Second Sight’s products. In addition, negative publicity and product liability claims resulting from any adverse regulatory action could have a material adverse effect on Second Sight’s financial condition and results of operations.

The number of preclinical and clinical tests that will be required for regulatory approval varies depending on the disease or condition to be treated, the jurisdiction in which Second Sight is seeking approval and the regulations applicable to that particular medical device. Regulatory agencies, including those in the U.S., Canada, Europe and other countries where medical devices are regulated, can delay, limit or deny approval of a product for many reasons. For example,

The FDA may make requests or suggestions regarding conduct of Second Sight’s clinical trials, resulting in an increased risk of difficulties or delays in obtaining regulatory approval in the U.S. Any of these occurrences could prove materially harmful to Second Sight’s operations and business.

Any revenue from sales of Orion will be dependent upon the pricing and reimbursement guidelines adopted in each country and if pricing and reimbursement levels are inadequate to achieve profitability Second Sight’s operations will suffer.

Second Sight’s financial success is dependent on Second Sight’s ability to price Second Sight’s products in a manner acceptable to government and private payers while still maintaining Second Sight’s profit margins. Numerous factors that may be beyond Second Sight’s control may ultimately impact Second Sight’s pricing of Orion and determine whether Second Sight is able to obtain reimbursement or reimbursement at adequate levels from governmental programs and private insurance. If Second Sight is unable to obtain reimbursement or Second Sight’s product is not adequately reimbursed, it will experience reduced sales, Second Sight’s revenues likely will be adversely affected, and it may not become profitable.

Obtaining reimbursement approvals is time consuming, requires substantial management attention, and is expensive. Second Sight’s business will be materially adversely affected if Second Sight does not receive approval for reimbursement of Orion under government programs and from private insurers on a timely or satisfactory basis. Limitations on coverage could also be imposed at the local Medicare Administrative Contractor level or by fiscal intermediaries in the U.S., and by regional or national funding agencies in Europe. Second Sight’s business could be materially adversely affected if the Medicare program, local Medicare Administrative Contractors or fiscal intermediaries were to make such a determination and deny, restrict or limit the reimbursement of Orion. Similarly, in Europe, these governmental and other agencies could deny, restrict or limit the reimbursement of Orion at the hospital, regional or national level. Second Sight’s business also could be adversely affected if surgeons and the facilities within which they operate are not adequately reimbursed by Medicare and other funding agencies for the cost of the procedure in which they implant the

39

Table of Contents

Orion on a basis satisfactory to the administering surgeons and their facilities. If the local contractors that administer the Medicare program and other funding agencies are slow to reimburse surgeons or provider facilities for the Orion system, the surgeons and facilities may delay their payments to Second Sight, which would adversely affect Second Sight’s working capital requirements. Also, if the funding agencies delay reimbursement payments to the hospitals, any increase to their working capital requirements could reduce their willingness to treat blind patients who wish to have Second Sight’s Orion devices implanted. If reimbursement for Second Sight’s products is unavailable, limited in scope or amount, or if pricing is set at unsatisfactory levels, Second Sight’s business will be materially harmed.

Second Sight’s product candidates may cause undesirable side effects or have other properties that could delay or prevent their regulatory approval, limit the commercial profile of an approved label, or result in significant negative consequences following marketing approval, if any.

In order to obtain marketing approval for Orion Second Sight must demonstrate the safety and efficacy of Orion through clinical trials as well as additional supporting data. If Orion is associated with undesirable side effects in clinical trials or have characteristics that are unexpected, Second Sight may need to interrupt, delay or abandon Orion’s development, cause it to have reduced functionality, or limit development to more narrow uses or subpopulations in which the undesirable side effects or other characteristics are less prevalent, less severe or more acceptable from a risk-benefit perspective. Second Sight is conducting an initial feasibility clinical study of Orion at UCLA and Baylor, but it cannot guarantee that any positive results in this limited trial will successfully translate to a pivotal clinical trial. It is not uncommon to observe results in human clinical trials that are unexpected based on limited trials testing, and many product candidates fail in large clinical trials despite promising limited clinical trial results. Moreover, clinical data is often susceptible to varying interpretations and analyses, and many companies that have believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials nonetheless failed to obtain marketing approval for their products. No assurance can be given that Second Sight will not encounter similar results in Second Sight’s Orion trials.

Human subjects in Second Sight’s clinical trials may suffer significant adverse events, tolerability issues or other side effects associated with the surgical implantation, chronic implantation, and chronic use of the Orion device. These events include, but are not limited to, the following (events that are also anticipated during or following explanation of the Orion device are identified with an asterisk (*)): intracranial hemorrhage*; subcutaneous hematoma*; vascular injury causing stroke or hemorrhage (e.g. injury to the superior sagittal sinus or posterior cerebral artery perforators)*; hydrocephalus*; intracranial hypotension or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak*; headache or pain in the head, including deep pain*; tingling at the implant site*; brain edema*; infection*; meningitis*; implant site pain, swelling, discharge or effusion*; suture-related complications or stitch abscess*; skin erosion on and/or around the implant site; adverse tissue reaction to the implant; tissue damage at the implant/explant site*; cranial defect/bone damage*; decline in residual vision*; dizziness/syncope*; foreign body sensation at the implant site*; activation of motor or sensory neurons (e.g., muscle twitch); clinically symptomatic seizure*; development of epilepsy; coma*; death*; psychiatric events, including but not limited to mood changes, depression, suicidality, and psychosis*; neurological deficit, including but not limited to language (dysphemia), dysesthesias, paresis, paresthesia, visual field, motor deficit (including apraxia), and memory impairment*; drug hypersensitivity, adverse drug reaction, or therapeutic agent toxicity*; events related to any surgery and general anesthesia including cardiac risks, including stroke/transient ischemic attack, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, and myocardial infarction*, venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease*; pneumonia*, urinary tract infection*, post-operative delirium*, postoperative constipation*, post-operative vomiting or nausea*, or post-operative fever*; injuries due to falls or bumps; skin irritation or burns; Orion system failure or malfunction; array migration; damage to the Orion electronics case; device interaction including the Orion device may interfere with the proper functioning of other electronic devices and emissions from other electronic equipment may interfere with the proper functioning of the Orion device; and (explant only) inability to remove all or part of the Orion device due to fibrosis or other reason.

No assurance can be given that Second Sight will not encounter adverse events in Second Sight’s Orion trials. The observed efficacy and extent of light perception and vision restoration for subjects implanted with Orion in Second Sight’s feasibility study may not be maintained over the long term or may not be observed in a larger pivotal clinical trial. If general clinical trials of Orion fail to demonstrate efficacy to the satisfaction of regulatory authorities or do not otherwise produce positive results, Second Sight may incur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of Orion.

For example, in June 2018, one subject in Second Sight’s Early Feasibility Study for Orion (“EFS”) experienced a seizure while in the clinic when Second Sight was evaluating a specific video stimulation algorithm. The seizure resolved quickly with medication and the subject was released from the clinic without need for hospitalization or further treatment. The subject was allowed to continue using the Orion device after the serious adverse event was reviewed by a safety committee for the study and clinicians at the implanting institution.

40

Table of Contents

In addition, in January 2019 Second Sight observed higher impedance levels on 11 of 60 electrodes with the first EFS subject implanted with the Orion device in January 2018. As a result, some of these electrodes no longer generated a phosphene, or observable spot of light, for the subject. Mechanical and software safeguards are built into the device to avoid excessive electrical stimulation and, as a result, the higher impedance levels do not pose any known safety risks to the subject. Given the pattern of high impedances, Second Sight took the precaution of disabling half of the electrodes on the array to ensure that other potentially affected electrodes were not used. The subject continued to use the device and participate in the clinical study. This subject was explanted (electively, to be able to undergo an MRI for an unrelated issue) after having been implanted for 42 months. Analysis of the explanted device indicated that it was still functional, and there were no signs of corrosion or material damage to the electrodes. There was visible damage to the cable, likely due to stresses in silicone attributable to the manufacturing process of the first batch of implants. The manufacturing process was changed for later implants. Second Sight currently has no indication that the issue exists with any of the Orion devices implanted in each of the other three current EFS subjects, each of whom has been implanted about 4 years. Prior to initiation of EFS, Second Sight subjected six Orion implants to accelerated aging tests and had no failures for what was the equivalent of up to 6.5 years.

In October 2019, Second Sight also observed changes to impedances (higher and lower) on most electrodes with the sixth EFS subject implanted with the device in January 2019. These impedance changes were coincident with a loss of most perception from the device, though there is no indication of a medical adverse event or a device defect. When examined again in November 2019, this sixth EFS subject showed improved perception and more normal impedances including performance on the 12-month visual function and functional vision assessments that was similar to pre-incident performance. Second Sight is currently investigating the possible root cause(s) for these changes, which may or may not be device related (that is, the possible root causes may be subject related). This subject was explanted (also electively) after having been implanted for 36 months. Analysis of this explanted device has not been completed.

In March 2022, a third EFS subject underwent elective explant after having been implanted for 46 months. Analysis of this explanted device has not been completed.

Second Sight cannot provide any assurance that it will not experience similar or other issues with any of the implanted Orion devices, be able to determine the root cause of the issue or to ascertain whether the issue is isolated or systemic in nature. Additional testing, investigation, design changes or mitigation activities may delay Second Sight’s plans to conduct additional clinical studies for Orion and/or Second Sight’s marketing approval and may have a material adverse effect on Second Sight’s business.

If device defects, significant adverse events or other side effects are observed in any of Second Sight’s future clinical trials, it may have difficulty recruiting subjects to the clinical trial, subjects may drop out of Second Sight’s trial, or it may be required to abandon the trial or Second Sight’s development efforts of that product candidate altogether. Second Sight, the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities may suspend clinical trials of Orion at any time for various reasons, including a belief that subjects in such trials are being exposed to unacceptable health risks. Devices developed in the prosthesis industry that initially showed promise in early-stage studies have later been found to cause side effects that prevented their further development. Even if the side effects do not preclude Orion from obtaining or maintaining marketing approval, undesirable side effects may inhibit market acceptance of the approved product due to its actual or perceived safety and tolerability profile. Any of these developments could materially harm Second Sight’s business, financial condition and prospects.

Should Orion obtain marketing approval, adverse effects associated with it may also develop after such approval and could lead to requirements for conducting additional clinical safety trials, placing additional warnings in the labeling, imposing significant restrictions on Orion, or withdrawing the Orion from the market while further incurring attendant costs of explants and exposure to litigation. Second Sight cannot predict whether Orion will cause significant adverse effects in humans that would preclude or lead to the revocation of regulatory approval. However, any such event, were it to occur, would cause substantial harm to Second Sight’s business and financial condition and would result in the diversion of Second Sight’s management’s attention.

Second Sight is also subject to stringent government regulation in European and other foreign countries, which could delay or prevent Second Sight’s ability to sell Second Sight’s products in those jurisdictions.

Second Sight intends to pursue market authorizations for the Orion system and other product candidates in additional jurisdictions and undergo additional audits. For Second Sight to market Second Sight’s products in Europe and some other international jurisdictions, Second Sight and Second Sight’s distributors and agents must obtain required regulatory registrations or approvals. The approval procedure varies among countries and jurisdictions and can involve additional testing, and the time and costs required to obtain approval may differ from that required to obtain an approval by the FDA. Approval by the FDA does not ensure approval by

41

Table of Contents

regulatory authorities in other countries or jurisdictions, and approval by one foreign regulatory authority does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other foreign countries or jurisdictions or by the FDA. Violations of foreign laws governing use of medical devices may lead to actions against Second Sight by the FDA as well as by foreign authorities. Second Sight must also comply with extensive regulations regarding safety, efficacy and quality in those jurisdictions. Second Sight may not be able to obtain all the required regulatory registrations or approvals, or it may be required to incur significant costs in obtaining or maintaining any regulatory registrations or approvals it receives. Delays in obtaining any registrations or approvals required for marketing Second Sight’s products, failure to receive these registrations or approvals, or future loss of previously obtained registrations or approvals would limit Second Sight’s ability to sell Second Sight’s products internationally. For example, international regulatory bodies have adopted various regulations governing product standards, packaging requirements, labeling requirements, import restrictions, tariff regulations, duties and tax requirements. These regulations vary from country to country. In order to sell Second Sight’s products in Europe, it must reestablish Second Sight’s ISO 13485:2016 certification and CE mark certification that have lapsed, which is an international symbol of quality and compliance with applicable European medical device directives. Failure to maintain the ISO 13485:2016 certification or CE mark certification or other international regulatory approvals would prevent Second Sight from selling in some countries in Europe and elsewhere. The failure to obtain these approvals could harm Second Sight’s business materially

Even if Second Sight obtain clearance or approval to sell Second Sight’s products, it is subject to ongoing requirements and inspections that could lead to the restriction, suspension or revocation of Second Sight’s clearance.

Second Sight, as well as any potential collaborative partners such as distributors, will be required to adhere to applicable FDA regulations regarding good manufacturing practice, which include testing, control, and documentation requirements. Second Sight is subject to similar regulations in foreign countries. Even if regulatory approval of a product is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed or to the conditions of approval or contain requirements for costly post-marketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. Ongoing compliance with good manufacturing practice and other applicable regulatory requirements is strictly enforced in the United States through periodic inspections by state and federal agencies, including the FDA, and in international jurisdictions by comparable agencies. Failure to comply with these regulatory requirements could result in, among other things, warning letters, fines, injunctions, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products, total or partial suspension of production, failure to obtain premarket clearance or premarket approval for devices, withdrawal of approvals previously obtained, and criminal prosecution. The restriction, suspension or revocation of regulatory approvals or any other failure to comply with regulatory requirements would limit Second Sight’s ability to operate and could increase Second Sight’s costs.

Second Sight has no large-scale manufacturing experience, which could limit Second Sight’s growth.

Second Sight’s limited manufacturing experience may not enable it or any outside suppliers to make Second Sight’s products in the volumes that would be necessary for it to achieve a significant amount of commercial sales. Second Sight’s product involves new and technologically complex materials and processes. As Second Sight move from making product for clinical trials to larger quantities for greater commercial distribution, it must develop new internal or external manufacturing techniques and processes that allow it to scale production. Second Sight may not be able to establish and maintain reliable, efficient, full scale manufacturing at commercially reasonable costs in a timely fashion. Difficulties Second Sight encounter in manufacturing scale-up, or Second Sight’s failure to implement and maintain Second Sight’s or outside manufacturing facilities in accordance with good manufacturing practice regulations, international quality standards or other regulatory requirements, could result in a delay or termination of production. To date, Second Sight’s manufacturing activities have largely been to provide units for clinical testing and commercial sales of the now discontinued Argus II system. Second Sight may face substantial difficulties in reestablishing and maintaining manufacturing and obtaining the manufacturing from outside suppliers for Second Sight’s products at a larger commercial scale and those difficulties may impact the quality of Second Sight’s products and adversely affect Second Sight’s ability to increase sales.

To establish Second Sight’s sales and marketing infrastructure, it will need to grow the size of Second Sight’s organization, and it may experience delays or other difficulties in managing this growth.

As Second Sight’s development and commercialization plans and strategies evolve, it will need to expand the size of Second Sight’s employee base for managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial and other resources. Future growth would impose significant added responsibilities on members of management, including the need to identify, recruit, maintain, motivate and integrate additional employees. Second Sight’s management team may have to use a substantial amount of time to manage these growth activities. Second Sight’s future financial performance and Second Sight’s ability to commercialize the Orion system and Second Sight’s other product candidates and compete effectively will depend, in part, on Second Sight’s ability to timely and effectively

42

Table of Contents

manage any future growth and related costs. Second Sight may not be able to effectively manage a rapid pace of growth and timely implement improvements to Second Sight’s management infrastructure and control systems.

Second Sight may acquire additional businesses or form strategic alliances in the future, and it may not realize the benefits of such acquisitions or alliances.

Second Sight may acquire additional businesses or products, form strategic alliances or create joint ventures with third parties that it believes will complement or augment Second Sight’s proposed Orion development activity and business. If Second Sight acquires businesses with promising markets or technologies, it may not be able to realize the benefit of acquiring such businesses if it is unable to successfully integrate them with Second Sight’s existing operations and company culture. Second Sight may have difficulty in developing, manufacturing and marketing the products of a newly acquired company that enhances the performance of Second Sight’s combined businesses or product lines to realize value from expected synergies. Second Sight cannot assure that, following an acquisition, it will achieve the revenues or specific net income that justifies the acquisition.

Risks Related to the Securities Market, and Ownership of Second Sight’s Common Stock

Although Second Sight believes that Second Sight’s strategy to (i) leverage proven Argus II technology to develop the Orion visual cortical prosthesis and (ii) significantly expand Second Sight’s addressable market to include a portion of the almost six million patients who are blind from eye trauma, optic nerve disease and injury, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and other untreatable causes is more likely to address a better and faster way to treat many causes of blindness, it will incur material near term losses, market uncertainty and Second Sight’s stock may experience significant fluctuations as it continues to focus exclusively on Orion.

Based on assessments of the development of Second Sight’s Orion technology and the positive results in Second Sight’s Early Feasibility Study of the six subjects implanted with the Orion at UCLA Medical Center and at Baylor College of Medicine, in May 2019 the Second Sight board approved an acceleration of Second Sight’s transition from the Argus II to the Orion platform so Second Sight may more rapidly implement Second Sight’s strategy of treating blindness domestically and worldwide. As a result, it will or has:

As a result of this transition from Argus II, Second Sight’s future success will depend on the further development, regulatory approval and commercialization of the Orion product. Although Second Sight believes this more rapid changeover and implementation of Second Sight’s long-term strategy for treating blindness by Orion will provide it a sizable, commercially sustainable domestic and worldwide market for Second Sight’s products, in the near term it will incur significant losses, market volatility and regulatory uncertainty, including uncertainty associated with pricing and reimbursement coverage with no current assurance of market acceptance. No assurance can be given that this strategy will achieve domestic and regulatory approvals or result in commercial viability of Second Sight’s products or Second Sight.

43

Table of Contents

If Second Sight is unable to obtain sufficient funding, it may be unable to execute Second Sight’s business plan and fund operations. it may not be able to obtain additional financing on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.

Second Sight has experienced operating losses, and it may continue to incur operating losses for the next several years as it implements Second Sight’s business plan. Currently, Second Sight has no revenue and do not have arrangements in place for all the anticipated financing that would be required to fully implement Second Sight’s business plan. Second Sight’s prior losses combined with expected future losses, have had and will continue to have, for the foreseeable future, an adverse effect on Second Sight’s stockholders’ equity and working capital.

Second Sight will need to raise additional capital in order to continue to execute Second Sight’s business plan in the future however there is no assurance that it will be successful, or that additional financing will be available when needed or that management will be able to obtain financing on terms acceptable to Second Sight. If Second Sight is unable to raise sufficient additional funds, it will need to further scale back Second Sight’s operations. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and resulting negative impact on the global macroeconomic environment and capital markets may make it more difficult for it to raise additional funds.

Second Sight cannot give any assurance that it will be able to obtain all the necessary funding that it may need. In addition, Second Sight believes that it will require additional capital in the future to fully develop Second Sight’s technologies and planned products to the stage of FDA approvals and a commercial launch. Second Sight has pursued and may pursue additional funding through various financing sources, including the private sale of Second Sight’s equity and debt securities, licensing fees for Second Sight’s technology and joint ventures with capital partners and project type financing. If Second Sight raises funds by issuing equity or equity-linked securities, dilution to some or all Second Sight’s stockholders will result. Any equity securities issued may also provide for rights, preferences, or privileges senior to those of holders of Second Sight’s common stock. The terms of debt securities issued or borrowings could impose significant restrictions on Second Sight’s operations. Second Sight also may seek government-based financing, such as development and research grants. There can be no assurance that funds will be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all.

The incurrence of indebtedness or the issuance of certain equity securities could result in increased fixed payment obligations and could also result in restrictive covenants, such as limitations on Second Sight’s ability to incur additional debt or issue additional equity, limitations on Second Sight’s ability to acquire or license intellectual property rights, and other operating restrictions that could adversely affect Second Sight’s ability to conduct Second Sight’s business. In addition, the issuance of additional equity securities by Second Sight, or the possibility of such issuance, may cause the market price of Second Sight’s common stock to decline. In the event that Second Sight enters into collaborations or licensing arrangements to raise capital, it may be required to accept unfavorable terms. These agreements may require that it relinquish, or license to a third party on unfavorable terms, Second Sight’s rights to technologies or product candidates that it otherwise would seek to develop or commercialize itself or reserve certain opportunities for future potential arrangements when it might otherwise be able to achieve more favorable terms. In addition, it may be forced to work with a partner on one or more of Second Sight’s products or market development programs, which could lower the economic value of those programs to Second Sight.

If Second Sight is unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to it when it requires it, Second Sight may terminate or delay the development of one or more of Second Sight’s Orion features updated products, delay clinical trials necessary to market Second Sight’s products, or delay establishment of sales and marketing capabilities or other activities necessary to commercialize Second Sight’s products. If this were to occur, Second Sight’s ability to grow and support Second Sight’s business and to respond to market challenges could be significantly limited or Second Sight may be unable to continue operations, in which case you could lose your entire investment.

If Second Sight’s development activity, regulatory efforts and substantial investments related to Orion do not result in a commercial product or if it never achieves profitability or positive free cash flow, Second Sight’s stock price will decline, it will not be able to sustain operations and Second Sight’s stockholders may incur a complete loss of their investment in Second Sight. The price of Second Sight’s common stock has been and may continue to be volatile and the value of your investment could decline.

Medical technology stocks have historically experienced high levels of volatility. The trading prices of Second Sight’s common stock have fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate substantially. The market price of Second Sight’s common stock may be higher or lower than the price you pay, depending on many factors, some of which are beyond Second Sight’s control and may not be related to

44

Table of Contents

Second Sight’s operating performance. These fluctuations could cause you to lose substantially all or part of your investment in Second Sight’s common stock. Factors that could cause fluctuations in the trading price of Second Sight’s common stock include: